雙語(yǔ)童話(huà)范文

導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：如何才能寫(xiě)好一篇雙語(yǔ)童話(huà)，這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻(xiàn)，歡迎閱讀由公務(wù)員之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

At the time when our Lord still walked on earth, he and Saint Peter stopped one evening at a smith's and were gladly given lodging1. Now it happened that a poor beggar, hard pressed by age and infirmity, came to this house and begged alms of the smith.

Peter had compassion2 and said, "Lord and master, if it please you, cure his ailments3, that he may earn his own bread."

The Lord said gently, "Smith, lend me your forge and put some coals on for me, and then I will make this sick old man young again."

The smith was quite willing. Saint Peter pumped the bellows4, and when the coal fire sparkled up large and high, our Lord took the little old man, pushed him into the forge in the middle of the red fire, so that he glowed like a rosebush, and praised God with a loud voice.

After that the Lord went to the quenching-tub, put the glowing little man into it so that the water closed over him, and after he had carefully cooled him, he gave him his blessing5, when, behold6, the little man sprang nimbly out, looking fresh, upright, healthy, and as if he were twenty years old.

The smith, who had watched everything closely and attentively7, invited them all to supper. Now he had an old half-blind, hunchbacked mother-in-law. She went to the youth and asked earnestly if the fire had burned him much.

He answered that he had never felt better, and that he had sat in the glowing coals as if he had been in cool dew.

The youth's words echoed in the the old woman's ears all night long, and early the next morning, after the Lord had gone on his way again and had heartily8 thanked the smith, the latter thought he might make his old mother-in-law young again in the same way, for he had watched everything very carefully, and it used the skills of his trade. Therefore he called to her, asking her if she, too, would like to go prancing9 about like an eighteen-year-old girl.

Because the youth had come out of it so well, she said, "With all my heart."

So the smith made a large fire, and pushed the old woman into it. She twisted about this way and that, uttering horrible cries of murder.

"Sit still. Why are you screaming and jumping about so? I still have to blow the fire hotter," he cried, then pumped the bellows again, until all her rags were all afire.

The old woman cried without ceasing, and the smith thought to himself, "It's not going exactly right." Then he took her out and threw her into the quenching-tub. She screamed so loudly that the smith's wife upstairs and her daughter-in-law heard it, and they both ran downstairs, and saw the old woman lying in a heap in the tub, howling and screaming, with her face wrinkled and shriveled and all out of shape.

The two, who were both with child, were so terrified with this that that very night they gave birth to two boys who were not shaped like humans but like apes. They ran into the woods, and from them came the race of apes. #p#副標(biāo)題#e#

當(dāng)我們的主還在地上巡視時(shí)，有一天晚上，他帶著圣彼得到一個(gè)鐵匠家投宿，鐵匠倒還樂(lè)意。這時(shí)碰巧來(lái)了位乞丐，年邁體弱，精神不振，樣子十分可憐，他求鐵匠施舍點(diǎn)東西給他，圣彼得很同情他，說(shuō)：“主呀，如果你愿意，請(qǐng)幫他治一下病吧，讓他能夠自己掙得食物。”

上帝非常和藹地說(shuō)：“師傅，請(qǐng)把你的鐵爐借我用一下，加些炭在里面，我要把這老乞丐煉得年輕些。”鐵匠非常樂(lè)意，圣彼得便拉起風(fēng)箱，上帝把乞丐推進(jìn)爐火中的最旺處，老人在里面燒得像玫瑰般通紅，口里還大聲讚美著上帝。過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，上帝踏到水槽前，把這燒紅的人放了進(jìn)去浸在水中，等他冷卻后，上帝就向他祝福。過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，那小個(gè)子老人一躍而出，面目一新了，他顯得那樣挺直、健康，就像一位二十歲的小伙子。

鐵匠在一旁仔細(xì)地瞧著，請(qǐng)他們一起吃了晚飯。鐵匠有位半瞎背駝的老岳母，她走到年輕人的跟前，仔細(xì)地瞧著，問(wèn)他爐火可曾燒了他。那人告訴他從來(lái)沒(méi)有這般舒服過(guò)，立在爐火中，就像沐浴在清涼的露水中一樣。那年青人的話(huà)在老婦人的耳邊響了一整夜。第二天早上，上帝準(zhǔn)備上路了，他感謝了鐵匠，鐵匠認(rèn)為他也能把自己的老岳母變得年輕些，因?yàn)樽蛱斓囊磺兴伎丛谘劾铩ｌ妒撬麊?wèn)岳母是否也想變成個(gè)十八歲的少女跳來(lái)跳去。

篇2

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a man and a woman who had long, but to no avail, wished for a child. Finally the woman came to believe that the good Lord would fulfill1 her wish. Through the small rear window of these people's house they could see into a splendid garden that was filled with the most beautiful flowers and herbs. The garden was surrounded by a high wall, and no one dared enter, because it belonged to a sorceress who possessed2 great power and was feared by everyone.

One day the woman was standing3 at this window, and she saw a bed planted with the most beautiful rapunzel. It looked so fresh and green that she longed for some. It was her greatest desire to eat some of the rapunzel. This desire increased with every day, and not knowing how to get any, she became miserably4 ill.

Her husband was frightened, and asked her, "What ails5 you, dear wife?"

"Oh," she answered, " if I do not get some rapunzel from the garden behind our house, I shall die."

The man, who loved her dearly, thought, "Before you let your wife die, you must get her some of the rapunzel, whatever the cost."

So just as it was getting dark he climbed over the high wall into the sorceress's garden, hastily dug up a handful of rapunzel, and took it to his wife. She immediately made a salad from it, which she devoured6 eagerly. It tasted so very good to her that by the next day her desire for more had grown threefold. If she were to have any peace, the man would have to climb into the garden once again. Thus he set forth7 once again just as it was getting dark. But no sooner than he had climbed over the wall than, to his horror, he saw the sorceress standing there before him.

"How can you dare," she asked with an angry look, "to climb into my garden and like a thief to steal my rapunzel? You will pay for this."

"Oh," he answered, "Let mercy overrule justice. I cam to do this out of necessity. My wife saw your rapunzel from our window, and such a longing8 came over her, that she would die, if she did not get some to eat."

The sorceress's anger abated9 somewhat, and she said, "If things are as you say, I will allow you to take as much rapunzel as you want. But under one condition: You must give me the child that your wife will bring to the world. It will do well, and I will take care of it like a mother."

In his fear the man agreed to everything.

When the woman gave birth, the sorceress appeared, named the little girl Rapunzel, and took her away. Rapunzel became the most beautiful child under the sun. When she was twelve years old, the fairy locked her in a tower that stood in a forest and that had neither a door nor a stairway, but only a tiny little window at the very top.

When the sorceress wanted to enter, she stood below and called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair to me. Rapunzel had splendid long hair, as fine as spun10 gold. When she heard the sorceress's voice, she untied11 her braids, wound them around a window hook, let her hair fall twenty yards to the ground, and the sorceress climbed up it.

A few years later it happened that a king's son was riding through the forest. As he approached the tower he heard a song so beautiful that he stopped to listen. It was Rapunzel, who was passing the time by singing with her sweet voice. The prince wanted to climb up to her, and looked for a door in the tower, but none was to be found.

He rode home, but the song had so touched his heart that he returned to the forest every day and listened to it. One time, as he was thus standing behind a tree, he saw the sorceress approach, and heard her say: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. Then Rapunzel let down her strands12 of hair, and the sorceress climbed up them to her.

"If that is the ladder into the tower, then sometime I will try my luck."

And the next day, just as it was beginning to get dark, he went to the tower and called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. The hair fell down, and the prince climbed up.

At first Rapunzel was terribly frightened when a man such as she had never seen before came in to her. However, the prince began talking to her in a very friendly manner, telling her that his heart had been so touched by her singing that he could have no peace until he had seen her in person. Then Rapunzel lost her fear, and when he asked her if she would take him as her husband, she thought, "He would rather have me than would old Frau Gothel." She said yes and placed her hand into his. She said, "I would go with you gladly, but I do not know how to get down. Every time that you come, bring a strand13 of silk, from which I will weave a ladder. When it is finished I will climb down, and you can take me away on your horse. They arranged that he would come to her every evening, for the old woman came by day.

The sorceress did not notice what was happening until one day Rapunzel said to her, "Frau Gothel, tell me why it is that you are more difficult to pull up than is the young prince, who will be arriving any moment now?"

"You godless child," cried the sorceress. "What am I hearing from you? I thought I had removed you from the whole world, but you have deceived me nonetheless."

In her anger she grabbed Rapunzel's beautiful hair, wrapped it a few times around her left hand, grasped a pair of scissors with her right hand, and snip14 snap, cut it off. And she was so unmerciful that she took Rapunzel into a wilderness15 where she suffered greatly.

On the evening of the same day that she sent Rapunzel away, the fairy tied the cut-off hair to the hook at the top of the tower, and when the prince called out: Rapunzel, Rapunzel, Let down your hair. she let down the hair.

The prince climbed up, but above, instead of his beloved Rapunzel, he found the sorceress, who peered at him with poisonous and evil looks.

"Aha!" she cried scornfully. "You have come for your Mistress Darling, but that beautiful bird is no longer sitting in her nest, nor is she singing any more. The cat got her, and will scratch your eyes out as well. You have lost Rapunzel. You will never see her again."

The prince was overcome with grief, and in his despair he threw himself from the tower. He escaped with his life, but the thorns into which he fell poked16 out his eyes. Blind, he wandered about in the forest, eating nothing but grass and roots, and doing nothing but weeping and wailing17 over the loss of his beloved wife. Thus he wandered about miserably for some years, finally happening into the wilderness where Rapunzel lived miserably with the twins that she had given birth to.

He heard a voice and thought it was familiar. He advanced toward it, and as he approached, Rapunzel recognized him, and crying, through her arms around his neck. Two of her tears fell into his eyes, and they became clear once again, and he could see as well as before. He led her into his kingdom, where he was received with joy, and for a long time they lived happily and satisfied.

從前有一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人，他倆一直想要個(gè)孩子，可總也得不到。最后，女人只好希望上帝能賜給她一個(gè)孩子。他們家的屋子后面有個(gè)小窗戶(hù)，從那里可以看到一個(gè)美麗的花園，里面長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了奇花異草。可是，花園的周?chē)幸坏栏邏Γl(shuí)也不敢進(jìn)去，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)花園屬於一個(gè)女巫。這個(gè)女巫的法力非常大，世界上人人都怕她。一天，妻子站在窗口向花園望去，看到一塊菜地上長(zhǎng)著非常漂亮的萵苣。這些萵苣綠油油、水靈靈的，立刻就勾起了她的食欲，非常想吃它們。這種欲望與日俱增，而當(dāng)知道自己無(wú)論如何也吃不到的時(shí)候，她變得非常憔悴，臉色蒼白，痛苦不堪。她丈夫嚇壞了，問(wèn)她：「親愛(ài)的，你哪里不舒服呀？「啊，她回答，「我要是吃不到我們家后面那個(gè)園子里的萵苣，我就會(huì)死掉的。丈夫因?yàn)榉浅?ài)她，便想：「與其說(shuō)讓妻子去死，不如給她弄些萵苣來(lái)，管它會(huì)發(fā)生甚么事情呢。黃昏時(shí)分，他翻過(guò)圍墻，溜進(jìn)了女巫的花園，飛快地拔了一把萵苣，帶回來(lái)給她妻子吃。妻子立刻把萵苣做成色拉，狼吞虎嚥地吃了下去。這萵苣的味道真是太好了，第二天她想吃的萵苣居然比前一天多了兩倍。為了滿(mǎn)足妻子，丈夫只好決定再次翻進(jìn)女巫的園子。於是，黃昏時(shí)分，他偷偷地溜進(jìn)了園子，可他剛從墻上爬下來(lái)，就嚇了一跳，因?yàn)樗吹脚拙驼驹谒拿媲啊！改愫么蟮哪懽樱瓪鉀_沖地說(shuō)，「竟敢溜進(jìn)我的園子來(lái)，像個(gè)賊一樣偷我的萵苣！「唉，他回答，「可憐可憐我，饒了我吧。我是沒(méi)辦法才這樣做的。我妻子從窗口看到了你園子中的萵苣，想吃得要命，吃不到就會(huì)死掉的。女巫聽(tīng)了之后氣慢慢消了一些，對(duì)他說(shuō)：「如果事情真像你說(shuō)的這樣，我可以讓你隨便采多少萵苣，但我有一個(gè)條件：你必須把你妻子將要生的孩子交給我。我會(huì)讓她過(guò)得很好的，而且會(huì)像媽媽一樣對(duì)待她。丈夫由於害怕，只好答應(yīng)女巫的一切條件。妻子剛剛生下孩子，女巫就來(lái)了，給孩子取了個(gè)名字叫「萵苣，然后就把孩子帶走了。

「萵苣慢慢長(zhǎng)成了天底下最漂亮的女孩。孩子十二歲那年，女巫把她關(guān)進(jìn)了一座高塔。這座高塔在森林里，既沒(méi)有樓梯也沒(méi)有門(mén)，只是在塔頂上有一個(gè)小小的窗戶(hù)。每當(dāng)女巫想進(jìn)去，她就站在塔下叫道：

「萵苣，萵苣，

把你的頭發(fā)垂下來(lái)。

萵苣姑娘長(zhǎng)著一頭金絲般濃密的長(zhǎng)發(fā)。一聽(tīng)到女巫的叫聲，她便松開(kāi)她的發(fā)辮，把頂端繞在一個(gè)窗鉤上，然后放下來(lái)二十公尺。女巫便順著這長(zhǎng)發(fā)爬上去。

一兩年過(guò)去了。有一天，王子騎馬路過(guò)森林，剛好經(jīng)過(guò)這座塔。這時(shí)，他突然聽(tīng)到美妙的歌聲，不由得停下來(lái)靜靜地聽(tīng)著。唱歌的正是萵苣姑娘，她在寂寞中只好靠唱歌來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)光。王子想爬到塔頂上去見(jiàn)她，便四處找門(mén)，可怎么也沒(méi)有找到。他回到了宮中，那歌聲已經(jīng)深深地打動(dòng)了他，他每天都要騎馬去森林里聽(tīng)。一天，他站在一棵樹(shù)后，看到女巫來(lái)了，而且聽(tīng)到她沖著塔頂叫道：

「萵苣，萵苣，

把你的頭發(fā)垂下來(lái)。

萵苣姑娘立刻垂下她的發(fā)辮，女巫順著它爬了上去。王子想：「如果那就是讓人爬上去的梯子，我也可以試試我的運(yùn)氣。第二天傍晚，他來(lái)到塔下叫道：

「萵苣，萵苣，

把你的頭發(fā)垂下來(lái)。

頭發(fā)立刻垂了下來(lái)，王子便順著爬了上去。

萵苣姑娘看到爬上來(lái)的是一個(gè)男人時(shí)，真的大吃一驚，因?yàn)樗€從來(lái)沒(méi)有看到過(guò)男人。但是王子和藹地跟她說(shuō)話(huà)，說(shuō)他的心如何如何被她的歌聲打動(dòng)，一刻也得不到安寧，非要來(lái)見(jiàn)她。萵苣姑娘慢慢地不再感到害怕，而當(dāng)他問(wèn)她愿不愿意嫁給他時(shí)，她見(jiàn)王子又年輕又英俊，便想：「這個(gè)人肯定會(huì)比那教母更喜歡我。她於是就答應(yīng)了，并把手伸給王子。她說(shuō)：「我非常愿意跟你一起走，可我不知道怎么下去。你每次來(lái)的時(shí)候都給我?guī)б桓z線(xiàn)吧，我要用絲線(xiàn)編一個(gè)梯子。等到梯子編好了，我就爬下來(lái)，你就把我抱到你的馬背上。因?yàn)槔吓卓偸窃诎滋靵?lái)，所以他倆商定讓王子每天傍晚時(shí)來(lái)。女巫甚么也沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)，直到有一天萵苣姑娘問(wèn)她：「我問(wèn)你，教母，我拉你的時(shí)候怎么總覺(jué)得你比那個(gè)年輕的王子重得多？他可是一下子就上來(lái)了。「啊！你這壞孩子！女巫嚷道，「你在說(shuō)甚么？我還以為你與世隔絕了呢，卻不想你竟然騙了我！她怒氣沖沖地一把抓住萵苣姑娘漂亮的辮子，在左手上纏了兩道，又用右手操起一把剪刀，喳喳喳幾下，美麗的辮子便落在了地上。然后，她又狠心地把萵苣姑娘送到一片荒野中，讓她淒慘痛苦地生活在那里。

萵苣姑娘被送走的當(dāng)天，女巫把剪下來(lái)的辮子綁在塔頂?shù)拇般^上。王子走來(lái)喊道：

「萵苣，萵苣，

篇3

A poor man had so many children that he had already asked everyone in the world to be godfather, and when still another child was born, no one else was left whom he could ask. He did not know what to do, and, in his sorrow, he lay down and fell asleep. Then he dreamed that he should go outside the gate and ask the first person he met to be godfather. When he awoke he decided1 to obey his dream, and he went outside the gate and asked the first person who came his way to be godfather.

The stranger gave him a little bottle of water, and said, "This is miraculous2 water. You can heal the sick with it. But you must see where Death is standing3. If he is standing by the patient's head, give the patient some of the water and he will be healed, but if Death is standing by his feet all efforts will be in vain, for then the sick man must die."

From this time forth4, the man could always say whether a patient could be saved or not. He became famous for his skill, and earned a great deal of money. Once he was called in to the king's child, and when he entered, he saw Death standing by the child's head, and he cured it with the water. The same thing happened a second time, but the third time Death was standing by its feet, so the child had to die.

Now the man wanted to visit his godfather one time and tell him what had happened with the water. He entered the house, but the strangest things were going on there. On the first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one other.

He asked them, "Where does the godfather live?"

The broom answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

When he came to the second flight, he saw a heap of dead fingers lying. He asked, "Where does the godfather live?"

One of the fingers answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads, and they directed him still another flight higher. On the fourth flight, he saw fish on the fire, sizzling in a pan and baking themselves. They too said, "Up one more flight of stairs."

And when he had climbed the fifth, he came to the door of a room and peeped through the keyhole. There he saw the godfather who had a pair of long horns. When he opened the door and went in, the godfather quickly got into bed and covered himself up.

The man then said, "Godfather, sir, strange things are going on in your house. When I came to your first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one another."

"How stupid you are," said the godfather. "That was the servant-boy and the maid talking to each other."

"But on the second flight I saw dead fingers lying there."

"Oh, how silly you are. Those were some roots of scorzonera."

"On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads."

Foolish man, those were heads of cabbage."

"On the fourth flight I saw fish in a pan, which were sizzling and baking themselves." When he had said that, the fish came and served themselves up.

"And when I got to the fifth flight, I peeped through the keyhole of a door, and there, Godfather, I saw you and you had long, long horns."

"Oh, that is not true."

The man became frightened and ran out, and if he had not done so, who knows what the godfather would have done to him?

從前有個(gè)人，他孩子太多，已經(jīng)請(qǐng)過(guò)世界上所有的人當(dāng)孩子們的教父了。可又有個(gè)孩子即將出世，顯然沒(méi)人可請(qǐng)了，他不知道如何是好，只好疲憊地躺下睡了。夢(mèng)中他夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己出了門(mén)，請(qǐng)遇到的第一個(gè)人當(dāng)孩子的教父。醒來(lái)時(shí)他決定照夢(mèng)中的指點(diǎn)辦，因而出了大門(mén)，在那兒碰到一個(gè)陌生人，於是請(qǐng)他當(dāng)教父。很多年后，教父送給教子一杯水，告訴他：「這是杯神水，可以治好任何人的病。不過(guò)你要看清死神站在病人的哪一頭，如果站在病人頭前，給病人喝點(diǎn)這種水，他就會(huì)痊癒；如果他站在病人腳后，一切努力都將白費(fèi)，他必死無(wú)疑。從此，教子就能判斷病人是否有救，并因此出了名，也掙了大錢(qián)。有一次國(guó)王請(qǐng)他去給他孩子治病，他看到死神站在孩子頭前，就用神水治好了孩子的病；第二次也是這樣。

第三次死神站到了孩子腳邊，他便知道孩子非死不可了。

有一次他想見(jiàn)見(jiàn)這位教父，告訴他自己用神水取得的成就。當(dāng)他來(lái)到教父家時(shí)，看到了世界上最古怪的事：掃把和鐵鍬在頭一段樓梯上吵架，并且猛打?qū)Ψ健Ｋ麊?wèn)它們：「教父住在哪兒？掃把回答說(shuō)：「在很多樓梯上面。他上到第二段樓梯，看到一堆死手指。他問(wèn)它們：「教父住在哪兒？其中一個(gè)手指回答說(shuō)：「再上一層樓。三樓是一堆死人頭，它們也說(shuō)教父住在上面一層。他在四樓看到各種各樣的魚(yú)在火上烤著，它們也說(shuō)：「再上一層樓。他來(lái)到五樓，看到有扇門(mén)，就從鎖孔往里看，結(jié)果看到了長(zhǎng)著兩只長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的犄角的教父。他推開(kāi)門(mén)走了進(jìn)去，教父急忙躺到床上，用被子把自己蓋上。這人說(shuō)：「教父先生，您的房子多奇怪呀！我在一樓看到掃把和鐵鍬又吵又打。

篇4

The Golden Key

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once in the wintertime when the snow was very deep， a poor boy had to go out and fetch wood on a sled. After he had gathered it together and loaded it， he did not want to go straight home， because he was so frozen1， but instead to make a fire and warm himself a little first. So he scraped2 the snow away， and while he was thus clearing the ground he found a small golden key. Now he believed that where there was a key， there must also be a lock， so he dug in the ground and found a little iron chest. “If only the key fits！” he thought. “Certainly there are valuable things in the chest.” He looked， but there was no keyhole. Finally he found one， but so small that it could scarcely3 be seen. He tried the key， and fortunately it fitted. Then he turned it once， and now we must wait until he has finished unlocking4 it and has opened the lid. Then we shall find out what kind of wonderful things there were in the little chest.

隆冬，積雪覆蓋大地，一個(gè)貧苦的小男孩不得不出門(mén)，滑著雪橇去拾柴。揀到柴，把它們捆起來(lái)后，小男孩多么希望他不必立刻回家，能就地升上一堆火暖暖身子啊，他快凍僵了。於是他把雪扒到一邊，清理出一塊地方來(lái)，這時(shí)他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把小小的金鑰匙。他想，既然鑰匙在，鎖也一定就在附近，便往地里挖，挖出了個(gè)鐵盒子。“要是這鑰匙能配這鐵鎖就好了！”他想，“那小盒子里一定有許多珍寶。”他找了找，卻找不到鎖眼。最后他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)小孔，小得幾乎看不見(jiàn)。他試了試，鑰匙正好能。他轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)了鑰匙，現(xiàn)在我們要等一等，待他把鐵盒子打開(kāi)，揭開(kāi)蓋子，就會(huì)知道盒子里有甚么好東西了。

篇5

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A king had a daughter who was beautiful beyond all measure, but at the same time so proud and arrogant1 that no suitor was good enough for her. She rejected one after the other, ridiculing2 them as well.

Once the king sponsored a great feast and invited from far and near all the men wanting to get married. They were all placed in a row according to their rank and standing3. First came the kings, then the grand dukes, then the princes, the earls, the barons4, and the aristocracy. Then the king's daughter was led through the ranks, but she objected to something about each one. One was too fat: "The wine barrel," she said. Another was too tall: "Thin and tall, no good at all." The third was too short: "Short and thick is never quick." The fourth was too pale: "As pale as death." The fifth too red: "A prize rooster." The sixth was not straight enough: "Green wood, dried behind the stove."

And thus she had some objection to each one, but she ridiculed6 especially one good king who stood at the very top of the row, and whose chin had grown a little crooked7. "Look!" she cried out, laughing, "He has a chin like a thrush's beak8." And from that time he was called Thrushbeard.

Now the old king, seeing that his daughter did nothing but ridicule5 the people, making fun of all the suitors who were gathered there, became very angry, and he swore that she should have for her husband the very first beggar to come to his door.

A few days later a minstrel came and sang beneath the window, trying to earn a small handout9.

When the king heard him he said, "Let him come up."

So the minstrel, in his dirty, ragged10 clothes, came in and sang before the king and his daughter, and when he was finished he asked for a small gift.

The king said, "I liked your song so much that I will give you my daughter for a wife."

The king's daughter took fright, but the king said, "I have taken an oath to give you to the very first beggar, and I will keep it."

Her protests did not help. The priest was called in, and she had to marry the minstrel at once. After that had happened the king said, "It is not proper for you, a beggar's wife, to stay in my palace any longer. All you can do now is to go away with your husband."

The beggar led her out by the hand, and she had to leave with him, walking on foot.

They came to a large forest, and she asked, "Who owns this beautiful forest?"

"It belongs to King Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable11 thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Afterwards they crossed a meadow, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful green meadow?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Then they walked through a large town, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful large town?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

"I do not like you to always be wishing for another husband," said the minstrel. "Am I not good enough for you?"

At last they came to a very little hut, and she said, "Oh goodness. What a small house. Who owns this miserable tiny hut?"

The minstrel answered, "This is my house and yours, where we shall live together."

She had to stoop in order to get in the low door.

"Where are the servants?" said the king's daughter.

"What servants?" answered the beggar. "You must do for yourself what you want to have done. Now make a fire at once, put some water on to boil, so you can cook me something to eat. I am very tired."

But the king's daughter knew nothing about lighting12 fires or cooking, and the beggar had to lend a hand himself to get anything done at all. When they had finished their scanty13 meal they went to bed. But he made her get up very early the next morning in order to do the housework.

For a few days they lived in this way, as well as they could, but they finally came to the end of their provisions.

Then the man said, "Wife, we cannot go on any longer eating and drinking here and earning nothing. You must weave baskets." He went out, cut some willows14, and brought them home. Then she began to weave baskets, but the hard willows cut into her delicate hands.

"I see that this will not do," said the man. "You had better spin. Perhaps you can do that better." She sat down and tried to spin, but the hard thread soon cut into her soft fingers until they bled.

"See," said the man. "You are not good for any sort of work. I made a bad bargain with you. Now I will try to start a business with pots and earthenware15. You must sit in the marketplace and sell them."

"Oh!" she thought. "If people from my father's kingdom come to the market and see me sitting there selling things, how they will ridicule me!"

But her protests did not help. She had to do what her husband demanded, unless she wanted to die of hunger.

At first it went well. People bought the woman's wares16 because she was beautiful, and they paid her whatever she asked. Many even gave her the money and let her keep the pots. So they lived on what she earned as long as it lasted. Then the husband bought a lot of new pottery17. She sat down with this at the corner of the marketplace and set it around her for sale. But suddenly there came a drunken hussar galloping18 along, and he rode right into the pots, breaking them into a thousand pieces. She began to cry, and was so afraid that she did not know what to do.

"Oh! What will happen to me?" she cried. "What will my husband say about this?" She ran home and told him of the misfortune.

"Who would sit at the corner of the marketplace with earthenware?" said the man. "Now stop crying. I see very well that you are not fit for any ordinary work. Now I was at our king's palace and asked if they couldn't use a kitchen maid. They promised me to take you. In return you will get free food."

The king's daughter now became a kitchen maid, and had to be available to the cook, and to do the dirtiest work. In each of her pockets she fastened a little jar, in which she took home her share of the leftovers19. And this is what they lived on.

It happened that the wedding of the king's eldest20 son was to be celebrated21, so the poor woman went up and stood near the door of the hall to look on. When all the lights were lit, and people, each more beautiful than the other, entered, and all was full of pomp and splendor22, she thought about her plight23 with a sad heart, and cursed the pride and haughtiness24 which had humbled26 her and brought her to such great poverty.

The smell of the delicious dishes which were being taken in and out reached her, and now and then the servants threw her a few scraps27, which she put in her jar to take home.

Then suddenly the king's son entered, clothed in velvet28 and silk, with gold chains around his neck. When he saw the beautiful woman standing by the door he took her by the hand and wanted danced with her. But she refused and took fright, for she saw that he was King Thrushbeard, the suitor whom she had rejected with scorn.

Her struggles did not help. He pulled her into the hall. But the string that tied up her pockets broke, and the pots fell to the floor. The soup ran out, and the scraps flew everywhere. When the people saw this, everyone laughed and ridiculed her. She was so ashamed that she would rather have been a thousand fathoms29 beneath the ground. She jumped out the door and wanted to run away, but a man overtook her on the stairs and brought her back. And when she looked at him, it was King Thrushbeard again.

He said to her kindly30, "Don't be afraid. I and the minstrel who has been living with you in that miserable hut are one and the same. For the love of you I disguised myself. And I was also the hussar who broke your pottery to pieces. All this was done to humble25 your proud spirit and to punish you for the arrogance31 with which you ridiculed me."

Then she cried bitterly and said, "I was terribly wrong, and am not worthy32 to be your wife."

But he said, "Be comforted. The evil days are past. Now we will celebrate our wedding."

Then the maids-in-waiting came and dressed her in the most splendid clothing, and her father and his whole court came and wished her happiness in her marriage with King Thrushbeard, and their true happiness began only now.

I wish that you and I had been there as well. #p#

從前， 有一位國(guó)王， 膝下有一個(gè)女兒， 美麗非凡， 卻因此而傲慢無(wú)理， 目中無(wú)人， 求婚的人里沒(méi)有誰(shuí)中她的意。 她不但一個(gè)接一個(gè)地拒絕他們的美意， 而且還對(duì)人家冷嘲熱諷。

有一回， 國(guó)王舉行盛大宴會(huì)， 邀請(qǐng)了各地所有希望結(jié)婚的男子。 先入席的是幾個(gè)國(guó)王， 接著入席的是王子、公爵、伯爵和男爵，最后入席的是其余所有應(yīng)邀而來(lái)男子。 公主走過(guò)這個(gè)行列， 可對(duì)每一位橫挑鼻子豎挑眼， 這位太胖啦， 她就用輕蔑的口氣說(shuō)道： “好一個(gè)啤酒桶。 ”那個(gè)呢， 又高又瘦， 她就評(píng)頭論足地說(shuō)道： “活像一只大蚊子。 ”下一個(gè)呢， 太矮啦……“五大三粗， 笨手笨腳。 ”她又說(shuō)道。 第四個(gè)呢，臉色太蒼白啦， “一具死尸。 ”；第五個(gè)， 臉太紅潤(rùn)……“一只公火雞。 ”第六個(gè)呢， 身板兒不夠直……“像一快放在爐子后面烤干的彎木頭。 ”就這樣， 她看誰(shuí)都不順眼。

有一位國(guó)王， 下巴長(zhǎng)得有點(diǎn)兒翹， 更是免不了遭到她的大肆嘲笑挖苦。 “我的天哪！ ”她一邊放聲大笑一邊高聲地說(shuō)， “瞧這家伙的下巴呀， 長(zhǎng)得跟畫(huà)眉嘴一模一樣啊！ ”打那以后， 這位國(guó)王就落了個(gè)諢名——畫(huà)眉嘴。 老國(guó)王發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒只是在嘲弄人家，對(duì)每個(gè)前來(lái)求婚的人都嗤之以鼻， 便大動(dòng)干火， 發(fā)誓要把她嫁給第一個(gè)上門(mén)來(lái)討飯的叫花子。

幾天以后， 一個(gè)走街竄巷賣(mài)唱的人在王宮的窗下唱起歌來(lái)， 想討一點(diǎn)兒施舍。 國(guó)王聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了歌聲， 便吩咐把這個(gè)人帶來(lái)見(jiàn)他。 賣(mài)唱的衣衫襤褸， 骯臟齷齪， 來(lái)到國(guó)王和公主面前唱了起來(lái)， 唱完便懇求給他一點(diǎn)兒賞賜。

國(guó)王對(duì)他說(shuō)： “你的歌讓我很開(kāi)心， 我就把我的女兒許配給你吧。 ”

公主一聽(tīng)， 嚇得渾身發(fā)抖， 國(guó)王卻接著說(shuō)： “我發(fā)過(guò)誓， 要把她嫁給第一個(gè)到這兒來(lái)討飯的叫花子， 我得言而有信。 ”

抗旨不遵完全是徒勞的。 于是， 請(qǐng)來(lái)了牧師， 為公主和這個(gè)走街竄巷賣(mài)唱的人舉行了婚禮。

婚禮結(jié)束后， 國(guó)王說(shuō)道： “現(xiàn)在你已是一個(gè)叫花子的老婆了， 不宜再留宮中。 你和你丈夫快上路吧。 ”

叫花子牽著她的手往外就走， 公主不得不跟著他離開(kāi)了王宮。 他們倆來(lái)到一片大樹(shù)林前面， 公主問(wèn)： “這片樹(shù)林是誰(shuí)的”

賣(mài)唱的便回答道：“是那位心地善良的畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽(tīng)了回答說(shuō)：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王就好啦。 ”

隨后， 他們倆來(lái)到一片綠草地， 公主又問(wèn)： “這片美麗的綠草地是誰(shuí)的”“是那位心地善良的畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

于是， 公主又唉聲嘆氣地說(shuō)：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王就好啦。 ”

接著， 他們倆來(lái)到一座大城市， 公主又問(wèn)： “這座美麗的城市是誰(shuí)的”“是那位心地善良的畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王的呀，要是你當(dāng)初嫁給他， 現(xiàn)在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽(tīng)了說(shuō)：“我這個(gè)可憐的女孩子啊， 當(dāng)初有點(diǎn)兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王該多好啦。 ”“你老是渴望嫁給另一個(gè)男人， ”賣(mài)唱的說(shuō)， “我聽(tīng)了真氣憤。 難道我配不上你嗎”

最后， 他們倆來(lái)到一所很小的房子前， 她大聲地問(wèn)：“這么小的房子我還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)，天哪， 它會(huì)是什么人的窩賣(mài)唱的回答說(shuō)： ”這是我的房子， 也是你的家， 我們就共同生活在這里。 “

房門(mén)又矮又小， 公主進(jìn)去時(shí)， 不得不彎下腰來(lái)， 不然就會(huì)碰了頭。“傭人在哪兒呢”公主問(wèn)道。“哪來(lái)的傭人呀。 ”叫花子回答說(shuō)， “干什么事你都得自己動(dòng)手。 喏， 你得快點(diǎn)兒把火生起來(lái)， 把水燒開(kāi)， 然后給我煮飯。 我已經(jīng)累得不行了。 ”

可是， 公主哪里會(huì)生火煮飯呀， 叫花子只得自己動(dòng)手， 不然就得挨餓。 他們的晚飯很簡(jiǎn)單， 晚飯后， 就休息了。 誰(shuí)知第二天一大早， 他就把她趕下床， 逼著她做家務(wù)事。

他們就這樣過(guò)了幾天， 吃完了所有的存糧， 丈夫于是說(shuō)： “老婆， 你看， 咱們這樣光吃飯， 不掙錢(qián)， 可怎么活下去呀， 你來(lái)編筐子吧。 ”

說(shuō)罷， 他就出去砍了些柳枝， 扛回家來(lái)。 公主開(kāi)始編筐子， 可柳枝又粗又硬， 把她嬌嫩的雙手全弄傷了。“我覺(jué)得， ”丈夫說(shuō)， “這樣不行啊， 別編筐子啦， 你還是紡線(xiàn)吧， 也許你會(huì)在行些。 ”

于是， 她開(kāi)始坐下來(lái)試著紡線(xiàn)， 可是紗線(xiàn)很粗糙， 把她柔軟的手指勒得鮮血直流。“你看看， ”丈夫又說(shuō)道， “這算怎么一回事嘛。 你什么也干不了， 娶了你當(dāng)老婆， 我算倒霉透啦。 現(xiàn)在我得做一做陶器生意， 賣(mài)鍋碗瓢盆什么的。 你呢， 得到市場(chǎng)上去叫賣(mài)。 ”“天哪， ”她心想， “要是我父親王國(guó)里的人來(lái)趕集， 看到我在那兒叫賣(mài)鍋碗瓢盆， 他們一定會(huì)嘲笑我的！ ”

可是， 又有什么別的出路呢不然就得活活餓死。 一開(kāi)始， 她的生意還不錯(cuò)。 人們見(jiàn)她長(zhǎng)得漂亮， 都來(lái)買(mǎi)她的東西， 而且連價(jià)也不還。 的確， 有幾個(gè)人付了錢(qián)， 卻又把鍋?zhàn)幼鳛槎Y物送給她。

夫妻倆靠她賣(mài)來(lái)的錢(qián)生活了一段時(shí)間， 然后丈夫又進(jìn)了一批陶器。 她坐在市場(chǎng)的一個(gè)角落里， 把鍋碗瓢盆什么的擺放在自己的周?chē)匈u(mài)起來(lái)。 誰(shuí)知一個(gè)喝得醉熏熏的騎兵突然打這兒急馳而過(guò)， 那匹馬沖進(jìn)她的貨攤， 把所有的陶器踩得粉碎。 公主放聲大哭， 束手無(wú)策。“我的天呀， 我該怎么辦哪”她嗚咽著說(shuō)， “我丈夫會(huì)怎么罵我呀。 ”于是， 她跑回家里， 跟丈夫說(shuō)了自己的遭遇。“你是一個(gè)賣(mài)陶器的小販子， 哭管什么用， ”她丈夫說(shuō)， “你什么活兒也干不了。 我只得跑到咱們國(guó)王的宮殿里， 打聽(tīng)了一下你能不能在那兒當(dāng)個(gè)幫廚女傭。 人家答應(yīng)先試用一段時(shí)間， 還有， 你在那里可以白吃飯。 ”

這樣一來(lái)，公主就變成了幫廚女傭。 她給大師傅打下手， 干各種最臟的活兒。 她在衣服里縫了一個(gè)口袋， 在口袋里放了一只帶蓋的罐子， 每天把殘羹剩飯盛在里面， 帶回家中糊口。

為了慶祝國(guó)王的長(zhǎng)子滿(mǎn)十八歲， 國(guó)王舉行了盛大的舞會(huì)。 在那個(gè)不同尋常的夜晚， 可憐的年輕女傭躲在上面大廳的門(mén)后， 偷偷地觀(guān)望。她目睹著蠟燭一根根點(diǎn)燃， 賓客們一個(gè)個(gè)步入大廳， 全都衣著華麗， 光彩照人。 面對(duì)眼前富麗堂皇、令人眼花繚亂的景像，她不無(wú)哀傷地想起自己悲慘的命運(yùn)， 站在那里幾乎泣不成聲。 自己一向傲慢無(wú)理， 目中無(wú)人， 才落到今天這般貧窮凄慘的境地， 她感到痛悔不已。美味佳肴端進(jìn)端出， 香味撲鼻， 她饞得口水直流， 仆人們不時(shí)扔給她一些殘?jiān)２耍?她便裝進(jìn)罐子里， 準(zhǔn)備帶回家去。

國(guó)王的長(zhǎng)子身著天鵝絨和綢緞衣服， 衣服上鑲嵌著鉆石， 脖子上掛著金項(xiàng)鏈， 正朝大廳走去， 發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)可憐的女子站在門(mén)后，正偷偷地觀(guān)望著舞會(huì)的情景， 王子一把抓住她的手， 要和她跳舞， 她卻不肯。 她認(rèn)出這位王子正是曾經(jīng)向她求過(guò)婚，被她嘲弄侮辱過(guò)的那個(gè)畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王， 不禁嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。 可是， 不管她怎樣掙扎， 王子還是硬將她拉進(jìn)了舞廳。 不料， 她用來(lái)系口袋的線(xiàn)繩，就在這時(shí)斷了， 罐子一下子滾了出來(lái)， 湯湯水水流了一地， 殘?jiān)２巳龅玫教幎际恰?人們一見(jiàn)哄堂大笑， 她成了眾人的笑柄，羞愧得恨不得有個(gè)地縫鉆進(jìn)去。 她朝門(mén)口沖了過(guò)去， 想要逃走， 可在臺(tái)階上被一個(gè)男子攔住了去路， 又給拉了回來(lái)。 她定睛一看，這個(gè)男子又是畫(huà)眉嘴國(guó)王， 國(guó)王用親切和藹的語(yǔ)氣對(duì)她說(shuō)：“別怕， 我和那個(gè)跟你生活在破破爛爛的小房子里的叫花子， 原本是一個(gè)人哪。 我很愛(ài)你， 才喬裝打扮成叫花子；那個(gè)喝得醉熏熏的、沖進(jìn)你的貨攤， 把陶器踩得粉碎的騎兵， 也是我呀。 我做這些， 全是為了克服你的傲慢無(wú)禮， 懲罰你對(duì)新郎的嘲弄。 ”

公主聽(tīng)罷， 痛哭流涕， 抽泣著對(duì)國(guó)王說(shuō)： “我真是太不應(yīng)該了， 不配做您的妻子。 ”

篇6

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was once a woman and her daughter who had a beautiful garden with cabbages. A hare got into it, and during the winter he ate all the cabbages. So the mother said to the daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase2 the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

The next day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

On the third day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden and chase the hare away."

The girl said, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

So the girl sat on the hare's tail, and the hare took her far away to his little hut, and then said, "Now cook some green cabbage and millet3. "I'm going out to invite guests to our wedding."

Then all the wedding guests arrived. Who were the wedding guests? I can tell you, because someone else told me. They were all hares4, and the crow was there as parson to marry the bride and bridegroom, and the fox served as sexton, and their altar was under the rainbow.

But the girl was sad, for she was all alone.

The hare came up to her and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are making merry."

The bride cried and said nothing. The hare went away. Then the hare came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are hungry."

The bride continued to cry, and said nothing. The hare went away. Then he came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are waiting."

The bride said nothing, and the hare went away. Then she dressed a straw doll in her clothes, gave it a stirring-spoon, and stood it next to the millet pot. Then she went back to her mother.

The hare came once more and said, "Open the door! Open the door!" Then he opened the door himself and struck the doll on the head so that its cap fell off. Then the hare saw that this was not his bride, and he sadly went away.

從前有個(gè)婦人，她帶著女兒住在一座漂亮的花園里，院子里種了許多卷心菜。冬天，有只兔子來(lái)到院子里偷吃卷心菜，媽媽對(duì)女兒說(shuō)：「去把那兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來(lái)對(duì)兔子說(shuō)：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對(duì)小姑娘說(shuō)：「小姑娘，來(lái)坐到我尾巴上來(lái)吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰ァ?/p>

小姑娘不肯。

第二天，兔子又來(lái)吃卷心菜了。媽媽又對(duì)女兒說(shuō)：「到院子里去把那只兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來(lái)對(duì)兔子說(shuō)：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對(duì)小姑娘說(shuō)：「小姑娘，來(lái)坐到我尾巴上來(lái)吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰ァＰ」媚镞€是拒絕了。

第三天，兔子又來(lái)了，坐在卷心菜上面。媽媽對(duì)女兒說(shuō)：「去把那兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來(lái)對(duì)兔子說(shuō)：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對(duì)小姑娘說(shuō)：「小姑娘，來(lái)坐到我尾巴上來(lái)吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰ァＰ」媚镒酵米游舶蜕希粠У搅撕苓h(yuǎn)的兔子家。它對(duì)姑娘說(shuō)：「現(xiàn)在動(dòng)手燒飯吧，用青菜和小米，我去請(qǐng)來(lái)參加婚禮的客人。接著，所有的客人都到了（誰(shuí)是客人？我把別人告訴我的說(shuō)給你聽(tīng)吧：全是兔子！奶牛是牧師，為新郎新娘主持婚禮；狐貍是司儀，祭壇在彩虹下面。）

篇7

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

First Tale

Once upon a time there was an old fox with nine tails. He did not believe that his wife was faithful to him and wanted to put her to the test. He stretched himself out beneath the bench, did not move a limb, and pretended to be stone dead.

Mrs. Fox locked herself in her room, and her maid, Miss Cat, sat on the hearth1 and cooked.

As soon as it became known that the old fox had died, suitors began to appear. The maid heard someone knocking at the front door. She opened it, and there stood a young fox, who said:

What are you doing, Miss Cat? Are you asleep, or are you awake?

She answered:

I'm not asleep; I am awake. Do you want to know what I am doing? I am cooking warm beer with butter in it. Would you like to be my guest?

"No thank you, Miss," said the fox. "What is Mrs. Fox doing?"

The maid answered:

She is sitting in her room Mourning and grieving. She has cried her eyes red, Because old Mr. Fox is dead.

"Miss, tell her that a young fox is here who would like to court her."

"I'll do that, young man."

The cat went upstairs and knocked on the door.

"Mrs. Fox, are you there?"

"Yes, my dear, yes."

"A suitor is outside."

"What does he look like? Does he have nine bushy tails like the late Mr. Fox?"

"No," answered the cat. "He has but one."

"Then I'll not have him."

Miss Cat went downstairs and sent the suitor away.

Soon afterward2 there was another knock at the door. Another fox was there who wanted to court Mrs. Fox. He had two tails, but he did not fare any better than the first one. Then others came, each with one additional tail, but all were turned away until finally one came who had nine tails, just like old Mr. Fox. When the widow heard that, she spoke3 joyfully4 to the cat:

Open up the door And throw old Mr. Fox out.

They were just about to celebrate the wedding when beneath the bench old Mr. Fox began to stir. He attacked the entire party with blows and drove them all out of the house, including Mrs. Fox. Second Tale

Following the death of old Mr. Fox, the wolf presented himself as a suitor. The cat, who was serving as Mrs. Fox's maid, opened the door. The wolf greeted her, saying:

Good day, Mrs. Cat, Why are you sitting alone? What good things are you making there?

The cat answered:

Bread and milk. Would you like to be my guest?

"No thank you, Mrs. Cat." answered the wolf. "Isn't Mrs. Fox at home?"

The cat said:

She's upstairs in her room Mourning and grieving, Bemoaning5 her plight6, Because old Mr. Fox is dead.

The wolf answered:

If she wants another man, Just have her come downstairs.

The cat ran upstairs To give her the news. She ran to the great room, And knocked on the door With her five golden rings. "Mrs. Fox, are you in there? Do you want another man?"

Mrs. Fox asked, "Is the gentleman wearing red breeches, and does he have a pointed7 little face?"

"No," answered the cat.

"Then he's of no use to me."

After the wolf had been sent away there came a dog, a deer, a hare, a bear, a lion, and all the other animals of the forest, one after the other. But each one lacked one of the good qualities that old Mr. Fox had had, and the cat had to send each of the suitors away. Finally a young fox came.

Mrs. Fox asked, "Is the gentleman wearing red breeches, and does he have a pointed little face?"

"Yes," said the cat, "that he does."

"Then let him come upstairs," said Mrs. Fox, and she told the maid to make preparations for the wedding feast.

Cat, sweep out the kitchen, And throw the old fox out the window. He brought home many a big fat mouse, But he ate them all alone, And never gave me a one.

Then Mrs. Fox married young Mr. Fox, and everyone danced and celebrated8, and if they have not stopped, then they are dancing still.

從前，有一只狡猾的老狐貍，他很想知道自己的妻子對(duì)自己是不是真心真意的。所以，有一天他直挺挺地躺在長(zhǎng)凳下面裝死，那樣子就像是一只死老鼠。

狐貍太太走進(jìn)自己的房間里，把門(mén)關(guān)上了，她的女仆貓小姐則坐在廚房的火爐旁做飯。老狐貍死了的消息很快就傳開(kāi)了，不久來(lái)了一只年青的狐貍敲著門(mén)說(shuō)道：

「貓咪小姐！貓咪小姐！

你今天過(guò)得好嗎？

你是在睡覺(jué)還是在打發(fā)時(shí)間呢？

貓走過(guò)去打開(kāi)門(mén)，看見(jiàn)門(mén)口站著一只年青的狐貍，所以她對(duì)他問(wèn)：

「不，不，狐貍先生，這大白天我沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)，我在調(diào)制上等的白酒，閣下有空來(lái)吃午飯嗎？

狐貍說(shuō)道：「不了，謝謝你，請(qǐng)問(wèn)可憐的狐貍太太怎樣了？

貓小姐回答說(shuō)：

「她整天坐在自己的房間里，淚水漣漣地哀歎自己命苦，連漂亮的眼睛都哭紅了，哎！都是因?yàn)楹偫舷壬懒恕?/p>

年青的狐貍說(shuō)道：

「請(qǐng)你去對(duì)她說(shuō)，來(lái)了一只年青的狐貍，他來(lái)的目的，是向她求婚的。

貓聽(tīng)了，踏著輕快的腳步上樓來(lái)到狐貍太太的房間，輕輕地敲著門(mén)說(shuō)道：

「狐貍太太，你在里面嗎？

「哎！我可愛(ài)的貓咪，你找我有事嗎？

「門(mén)口來(lái)了一位求婚者。

狐貍太太馬上回答說(shuō)：

「親愛(ài)的，他長(zhǎng)得怎樣？

他個(gè)頭高，身子挺直嗎？

他有九條尾巴嗎？

一定要有九條尾巴，如果沒(méi)有，他就不能向我求婚。

「哎呀！他只有一條尾巴。貓說(shuō)道，「那我不會(huì)接受他。

狐貍太太回答說(shuō)。貓小姐下樓送走了這位求婚者。

不久，另一只狐貍來(lái)敲門(mén)，這只狐貍只有二條尾巴，他的遭遇不比第一位求婚者好多少，也被貓小姐打發(fā)走了。接著一連來(lái)了幾只狐貍，都被狐貍太太拒絕了。最后來(lái)了一只和老狐貍一樣長(zhǎng)著九條尾巴的狐貍。

寡婦聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，立刻跳起來(lái)說(shuō)道：

「啊！我可愛(ài)的貓咪，打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)和門(mén)，把我所有的朋友都邀來(lái)，參加我的結(jié)婚典禮，將我那令人作嘔的老傢伙，從窗子里仍到大街上去。

但是，當(dāng)結(jié)婚宴會(huì)準(zhǔn)備好時(shí)，老狐貍突然跳了起來(lái)，抓起一根棍棒，把所有的來(lái)賓，包括狐貍太太一起都趕出了門(mén)。

過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，老狐貍真的死了，很快有一只狼來(lái)問(wèn)候，他敲著門(mén)說(shuō)：

「貓小姐，你好，你的鬍鬚多整潔啊！

你怎么獨(dú)自規(guī)規(guī)矩矩地坐在這兒呢？

你是在做好吃的東西，我說(shuō)的對(duì)不對(duì)呀？

貓回答說(shuō)：

「對(duì)了，這是我今天的午餐。

麵包加牛奶，閣下愿意留下來(lái)吃飯還是去給你倒一杯酒來(lái)喝？

狼說(shuō)道：「謝謝你，別客氣！我想知道狐貍太太是不是在家。貓回答說(shuō)：

「她整天孤零零地坐著，悲傷地哭泣，哎呀，哎呀！

都是因?yàn)楹傁壬^(guò)世了。

狼說(shuō)道：

「哎——，親愛(ài)的貓咪小姐這的確是一件傷心的事，但你認(rèn)為我怎么樣？

她能同意我作她的丈夫嗎？

貓回答道：

「狼先生，我可不知道她的意思，你在這兒坐一坐，我上樓去看一看。

貓搬了一把椅子，非常樂(lè)意地?fù)u著耳朵，輕快地上樓去了。她來(lái)到狐貍太太的門(mén)前，用戴在腳爪上的戒指敲著門(mén)說(shuō)道：「狐貍太太，你在里面嗎？

寡婦說(shuō)道：「喔！我在，請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)！我的乖乖，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)廚房里有說(shuō)話(huà)聲，告訴我那是誰(shuí)呀？

貓回答說(shuō)：

「那時(shí)一只漂亮的狼，他長(zhǎng)著一身光滑的皮毛，他正打這兒經(jīng)過(guò)，走進(jìn)來(lái)看了看（因?yàn)槔虾傁壬懒耍f(shuō)你是否愿意，嫁給他做他的妻子。

狐貍太太說(shuō)問(wèn)：「可他有紅紅的腳，尖尖的嘴鼻嗎？貓說(shuō)：「沒(méi)有。「那他不適合做我的丈夫。

狼很快就被打發(fā)走了。接著來(lái)了一條狗，然后是山羊，再接著是一頭熊、一頭獅子，所有的獸類(lèi)動(dòng)物都來(lái)過(guò)，一個(gè)接一個(gè)，它們都只有老狐貍具有的某些特徵，都不合狐貍太太的意，貓奉命把他們送走了。

最后，終於有一只年青的狐貍來(lái)了，狐貍太太問(wèn)：「他有四條紅紅的腳和尖尖的嘴鼻嗎？貓回答說(shuō)：「是的。

狐貍太太吩咐道：

「那么，貓咪，把客廳打掃一下，看起來(lái)要乾凈整潔。

把老傢伙仍到街上去，這個(gè)愚蠢的老無(wú)賴(lài)，他死了我真高興。

篇8

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a man whose wife died, and a woman whose husband died. The man had a daughter, and the woman also had a daughter. The girls were acquainted with each other and went for a walk together. Afterwards they came to the woman in her house.

The woman said to the man's daughter, "Listen, tell your father that I would like to marry him, and then you shall wash yourself in milk every morning and drink wine, but my own daughter shall wash herself in water and drink water."

The girl went home and told her father what the woman had said.

The man said, "What shall I do? Marriage is a joy, but also a torment1."

Finally, being unable to reach a decision, he pulled off his boot and said, "Take this boot. It has a hole in its sole. Take it to the attic2, hang it on the big nail, and then pour water into it. If it holds the water, then I shall again take a wife, but if the water runs through it, then I shall not."

The girl did as she was told, but the water pulled the hole shut, and the boot filled up to the top. She told her father what had happened. Then he himself went up, and when he saw that she was right, he went to the widow and wooed her, and the wedding was held.

The next morning when the two girls got up, there was milk for the man's daughter to wash in and wine for her to drink, but there was water for the woman's daughter to wash herself with and water for her to drink. On the second morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter as well as for the woman's daughter. And on the third morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter, and milk for washing and wine to drink for the woman's daughter, and so it continued.

The woman became her stepdaughter's worst enemy, and from one day to the next she did whatever she could to make the stepdaughter's life more miserable3. Furthermore, she was envious4 because her stepdaughter was beautiful and kind, while her own daughter was ugly and disgusting.

Once in winter, when everything was frozen as hard as a stone, and the hills and valleys were covered with snow, the woman made a dress of paper, called her stepdaughter, and said, "Here, put this dress on and go out into the woods and fetch me a basketful of strawberries. I have a longing5 for some."

"Good heaven." said the girl. "Strawberries don't grow in the winter. The ground is frozen, and furthermore the snow has covered everything. And why am I to go out in this paper dress? It is so cold outside that one's breath freezes. The wind will blow through the dress, and the thorns will tear it from my body."

"Will you contradict me?" said the stepmother. "Be on your way, and do not let me see you again until you have the basketful of strawberries." Then she gave her a little piece of hard bread and said, "You can eat from this all day," while thinking, "You will freeze and starve to death out there, and I shall never see you again."

The girl obeyed and put on the paper dress and went out with the basket. There was nothing but snow far and wide, and not a green blade was to be seen. After coming into the woods she saw a small house. Three little dwarfs6 peeped out. She greeted them and gently knocked on the door.

They shouted, "Come in," and she went into the room and sat down on the bench by the stove to warm herself and eat her breakfast.

The dwarfs said, "Give us some of it, too."

"Gladly," she said, and broke her piece of bread in two, giving them half."

They asked, "What are you doing here in the woods in the wintertime and in your thin dress."

"Oh," she answered, "I am supposed to gather a basketful of strawberries, and am not allowed to go home until I have them."

When she had eaten her bread they gave her a broom and said, "Sweep away the snow next to the back door."

Once she was outside, the three little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so polite and good and sharing her bread with us."

The first one said, "I grant her that every day she shall grow more beautiful."

The second one said, "I grant her that gold pieces shall fall from her mouth every time she speaks a word."

The third one said, "I grant her that a king shall come and take her to wife."

The girl did what the dwarfs told her to, and with the broom she swept the snow away from behind the little house, and what do you think she found? Nothing other than ripe strawberries, which came up out of the snow quite dark red. Joyfully7 she gathered her basketful, thanked the little men, shook hands with each of them, then ran home to take her stepmother what she had demanded.

Upon entering she said, "Good-evening," and a piece of gold fell out of her mouth. Then she told what had happened to her in the woods, but with every word she spoke8 gold pieces fell from her mouth, and soon the whole room was covered with them.

"Just look at her arrogance," shouted the stepsister, "to throw gold about in such a manner." But she was secretly envious, and she too wanted to go into the woods to look for strawberries.

The mother said, "No, my dear little daughter, it is too cold. You could freeze to death."

However, her daughter gave no peace, so finally the mother gave in. She sewed a magnificent fur coat for her and had her put it on. She gave her buttered bread and cake for her journey.

The girl went into the woods and straight up to the little house. The three little dwarfs peeped out again, but she did not greet them. Without looking at them and without greeting them, she stumbled into the room, sat down by the stove, and began to eat her buttered bread and cake.

"Give us some of it," shouted the little men.#p#

She replied, "There is not enough for me myself. How can I give some of it to others?"

When she was finished eating they said, "Here is a broom for you. Sweep in front of the back door."

"Sweep for yourselves," she answered. "I am not your maid."

Seeing that they were not going to give her anything, she walked out the door.

Then the little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so impolite and having a wicked and envious heart that will never let her give a thing to anyone?"

The first one said, "I grant that every day she shall grow uglier."

The second one said, "I grant that a toad9 shall jump out of her mouth with every word she says."

The third one said, "I grant that she shall die an unfortunate death."

The girl looked outside for strawberries, but finding none, she went home angrily. And when she opened her mouth to tell her mother what had happened to her in the woods, a toad jumped out of her mouth with every word she said, so that everyone was repulsed10 by her.

The stepmother now became even more angry, and she could think of nothing else but how she could torment the man's daughter, who nonetheless grew more beautiful every day. Finally she took a kettle, set it on the fire, and boiled yarn11 in it. When it was boiled, she hung it on the poor girl's shoulder, gave her an ax, and told her to go to the frozen river, chop a hole in the ice, and rinse12 the yarn. She obeyed, went to the river and chopped a hole in the ice. While she was chopping, a splendid carriage approached, with the king seated inside.

The carriage stopped, and the king asked, "My child, who are you, and what are you doing here?"

"I am a poor girl, and I am rinsing13 yarn."

The king felt compassion14, and when he saw how very beautiful she was, he said to her, "Will you ride with me?"

"Gladly," she answered, for she was happy to get away from the mother and sister.

So she got into the carriage and rode away with the king. When they arrived at his palace their wedding was celebrated15 with great pomp, just as the little men had promised the girl.

A year later the young queen gave birth to a son, and when the stepmother heard of her good fortune, she came with her daughter to the palace, pretending that she wanted to pay her a visit. But when the king went out, and no one else was present, the wicked woman seized the queen by the head, and her daughter seized her by the feet, and lifting her out of her bed, they threw her out the window into the stream that flowed by.

After that the ugly daughter lay down in the bed, and the old woman covered her up over her head. When the king returned and wanted to speak to his wife, the old woman said, "Quiet. Quiet. You cannot talk to her now. She has a very high fever. You must let her rest today."

The king suspected no evil, and did not return until the next morning. As he then talked with his wife, and she answered him, a toad jumped out with every word, whereas previously16 a piece of gold had fallen out. When he asked what was the matter, the old woman said that it came from her high fever, and that she would soon lose it.

During the night the kitchen boy saw a duck swimming along the gutter17, and it said, "King, what are you doing? Are you awake or are you asleep?"

Receiving no answer, it said, "What are my guests doing?"

Then the kitchen boy answered, "They are fast asleep."

She asked further, "What is my little baby doing?"

He answered, "He is sound asleep in his cradle."

Then, in the form of the queen, she went upstairs, nursed the baby, fluffed up his cover, tucked him in, and then she swam off through the gutter as a duck.

She came in the same manner for two nights. On the third night, she said to the kitchen boy, "Go and tell the king to take his sword and on the threshold to swing it over me three times."

The kitchen boy ran and told this to the king, who came with his sword and swung it over the spirit three times, and after the third time, his wife was standing18 before him, vigorous, alive, and healthy, as she had been before.

The king was elated, but he kept the queen hidden in a room until the Sunday when the baby was to be baptized. At the baptism he said, "What does a person deserve who drags someone out of bed and throws him into the water?"

The old woman answered, "The scoundrel deserves nothing better than to be put into a barrel stuck full of nails, and then rolled downhill into the water."

Then the king said, "You have pronounced your own sentence."

He ordered such a barrel to be brought. The old woman and her daughter were put into it, and the top was hammered shut. Then the barrel was rolled downhill until it fell into the river. #p#

從前，有個(gè)男人死了妻子，有個(gè)女人死了丈夫。這個(gè)男人有個(gè)女兒，這個(gè)女人也有個(gè)女兒。兩個(gè)小姑娘互相認(rèn)識(shí)，經(jīng)常一起出去散步。有一天，她們散完步后一起來(lái)到女人的家里，女人對(duì)男人的女兒說(shuō)：「聽(tīng)著，告訴你爸爸，說(shuō)我愿意嫁給他，從此你天天早晨都能用牛奶洗臉，還能喝上葡萄酒，而我自己的女兒只能用水洗臉，也只能喝清水。小姑娘回到家中，把女人的話(huà)告訴了她爸爸。男人說(shuō)：「我該怎么辦呢？結(jié)婚是喜事，可也會(huì)帶來(lái)痛苦。他遲遲拿不定主意，最后脫下一只靴子，說(shuō)：「這只靴子的底上有個(gè)洞。你把它拎到閣樓上去，把它掛在一根大釘子上，然后往里面灌些水。要是水沒(méi)有漏出來(lái)，我就再娶個(gè)妻子；可要是水漏了出來(lái)，我就不娶。姑娘按她父親所說(shuō)的辦了。可是水使得洞脹攏了，靴子里灌滿(mǎn)了水也沒(méi)有漏出來(lái)。她把結(jié)果告訴了她父親，父親又親自上來(lái)察看，看到情況果然如此，便去向那寡婦求婚，然后舉行了婚禮。

第一天早晨，兩個(gè)姑娘起來(lái)后，在男人的女兒的面前果然放著洗臉的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒，而在女人的女兒的面前放著的只有洗臉的清水和喝的清水。第二天早晨，男人的女兒和女人的女兒的面前都放著洗臉的清水和喝的清水。到了第三天早晨，男人的女兒的面前放著洗臉用的清水和喝的清水，而女人的女兒的面前卻放著洗臉用的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒。以后天天都是這樣。那女人成了她繼女的死敵，對(duì)她一天壞似一天，她還萬(wàn)分嫉妒她的繼女，因?yàn)樗睦^女美麗可愛(ài)，而她自己的女兒又丑又令人討厭。

冬天到了，一切都凍得像石頭一樣硬，山頂和山谷都被大雪覆蓋著。一天，女人用紙做了件衣服，把她的繼女叫過(guò)來(lái)，說(shuō)：「聽(tīng)著，你穿上這件衣服，到森林里去給我採(cǎi)一籃草莓，我很想吃。「天哪！姑娘說(shuō)，「冬天怎么會(huì)有草莓呢？地上都結(jié)了冰，大雪把一切都蓋住了，再說(shuō)，我怎么能穿著這身紙衣服出去呢？外面冷得連呼出的氣都能凍起來(lái)。風(fēng)會(huì)往這衣服里面吹，荊棘也會(huì)把它掛破的。「你敢跟我頂嘴？繼母說(shuō)，「你快給我去！要是沒(méi)有採(cǎi)到一籃草莓，你就別想回來(lái)！然后她又給姑娘一小塊硬梆梆的麵包，說(shuō)：「這是你一天的口糧，心里卻在想：「你在外面不會(huì)凍死也會(huì)餓死的，別想再回來(lái)煩我。

姑娘只好順從地穿上紙衣服，提著籃子走了出去。外面一片冰天雪地，連一棵綠草都找不到。她來(lái)到森林里后，看到一座小房子，里面有三個(gè)小矮人在向外張望。她向他們問(wèn)好，然后輕輕地敲了敲門(mén)。他們叫「進(jìn)來(lái)，她便走進(jìn)屋，坐在爐子旁的長(zhǎng)凳上烤火，吃她的早飯。小矮人們說(shuō)：「也分一點(diǎn)給我們吧。「好的，她說(shuō)著便把麵包掰成兩半，給了他們一半。他們問(wèn)：「你大冬天穿著這身薄薄的衣服到森林里來(lái)干嗎？「唉，她回答，「我得採(cǎi)一籃草莓，否則我就回不了家了。等她吃完麵包后，他們遞給她一把掃帚，說(shuō)：「去幫我們把后門(mén)的雪掃掉吧。可等她出去后，三個(gè)小矮人卻商量了起來(lái)：「她這么可愛(ài)，又把麵包分給了我們，我們送她甚么好呢？第一個(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我送給她的禮物是：她一天比一天更美麗。第二個(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我送給她的禮物是：她一開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)就吐出金子來(lái)。第三個(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我送給她的禮物是：一個(gè)國(guó)王娶她當(dāng)王后。

姑娘這時(shí)正按照他們的吩咐，用掃帚把小屋后面的雪掃掉。她看到了甚么？雪下面露出了紅彤彤的草莓！她高興極了，趕緊裝了滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)一籃子，謝了小矮人，還和他們一一握手道別，然后帶著她繼母垂涎的東西跑回家去了。誰(shuí)知，她進(jìn)門(mén)剛說(shuō)了聲「晚上好，嘴里就掉出來(lái)一塊金子！於是，她把自己在森林里遇到的事情講了出來(lái)，而且每講一句，嘴里就掉出來(lái)一塊金子，弄得家里很快就堆滿(mǎn)了金子。「瞧她那副德行！繼母的女兒嚷道，「就這樣亂扔金子！她心里嫉妒得要命，也渴望著到森林里去採(cǎi)草莓。她母親卻說(shuō)：「不行，我的好女兒，外面太冷了，你會(huì)凍死的。可是她女兒纏著不放，她最后只好讓步。她給女兒縫了件皮襖，硬要她穿上；然后又給她抹了黃油的麵包和蛋糕，讓她帶著路上吃。

這個(gè)姑娘進(jìn)了森林之后，逕直向小屋走去。三個(gè)小矮人又在屋里向外張望，可是她根本不和他們打招呼，既不看他們，也不和他們說(shuō)話(huà)，大搖大擺地走進(jìn)屋，一屁股坐到爐子旁，吃起自己的麵包和蛋糕來(lái)。「分一點(diǎn)給我們吧，小矮人們說(shuō)；可是她卻回答：「這都不夠我自己吃的，怎么能分給別人呢？等她吃完，他們又說(shuō)：「這里有把掃帚，把后門(mén)的雪掃乾凈。她回答：「我又不是你們的傭人。看到他們不會(huì)給她任何禮物了，她便自己沖出了屋子。三個(gè)小矮人商量道：「像她這種壞心腸的小懶鬼，又不肯施舍給別人東西，我們?cè)撍退趺茨兀康谝粋€(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我讓她長(zhǎng)得一天比一天丑！第二個(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我讓她一開(kāi)口說(shuō)話(huà)就從嘴里跳出一只癩蛤蟆！第三個(gè)矮人說(shuō)：「我讓她不得好死！姑娘在屋外找草莓，可一個(gè)也找不到，只好氣鼓鼓地回家去了。她開(kāi)口給母親講自己在森林里的遭遇，可是，她每講一句話(huà)，嘴里就跳出來(lái)一只癩蛤蟆，把大家都嚇壞了。#p#

這一來(lái)繼母更是氣壞了，千方百計(jì)地盤(pán)算著怎么折磨丈夫的女兒，可是這姑娘卻長(zhǎng)得一天比一天更美。終於，繼母取出一只鍋?zhàn)樱茉诨鸲焉希诶锩嬷缶€(xiàn)團(tuán)。線(xiàn)團(tuán)煮過(guò)之后，她把它撈出來(lái)，搭在姑娘的肩膀上，然后又給姑娘一把斧頭，讓她去結(jié)冰的小河，在冰面上鑿一個(gè)洞，在洞里漂洗線(xiàn)團(tuán)。姑娘順從地來(lái)到河邊，走到河中央鑿冰。她正鑿著，岸上駛來(lái)了一輛華麗的馬車(chē)，里面坐著國(guó)王。馬車(chē)停了下來(lái)，國(guó)王問(wèn)：「姑娘，你是誰(shuí)？在這里干甚么？「我是個(gè)可憐的女孩，在這里漂洗線(xiàn)團(tuán)。國(guó)王很同情她，而且又看到她長(zhǎng)得這么美麗，便對(duì)她說(shuō)：「你愿意和我一起走嗎？「當(dāng)然愿意啦。她回答，因?yàn)樗浅８吲d能離開(kāi)繼母和繼母的女兒。姑娘坐到國(guó)王的馬車(chē)上，和國(guó)王一起回到宮中。他倆立刻就舉行了婚禮，正像三個(gè)小矮人許諾過(guò)的一樣。一年后，年輕的王后生下了一個(gè)兒子。她的繼母早已聽(tīng)說(shuō)她交上了好運(yùn)，這時(shí)也帶著親生女兒來(lái)到王宮，假裝是來(lái)看王后的。可是看到國(guó)王剛出去，而且旁邊又沒(méi)有別人，這壞心腸的女人就抓住王后的頭，她的女兒抓住王后的腳，把她從床上抬下來(lái)，從窗口把她扔進(jìn)了外面的大河里。然后，繼母的丑女兒躺在床上，老婆子從頭到腳把她蓋了起來(lái)。當(dāng)國(guó)王回到房間，想和他的妻子說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候，老婆子叫了起來(lái)：「噓，唬，不要打攪她，她現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)汗。今天不要打攪她。國(guó)王絲毫沒(méi)有懷疑，一直等到第二天早晨才過(guò)來(lái)。他和妻子說(shuō)話(huà)，誰(shuí)知她剛開(kāi)口，嘴里就跳出來(lái)一只癩蛤蟆，而不像從前那樣掉出金子來(lái)。國(guó)王問(wèn)這是怎么回事，老婆子便說(shuō)這是發(fā)汗發(fā)出來(lái)的，很快就會(huì)好的。但是當(dāng)天夜里，王宮里的小幫工看見(jiàn)一只鴨子從下水道里游了出來(lái)，而且聽(tīng)見(jiàn)它說(shuō)：

「國(guó)王，你在做甚么？

你是睡著了還是醒著？

看到小幫工沒(méi)有回答，它又說(shuō)：

「我的兩位客人在做甚么？

小幫工說(shuō)：

「她們睡熟了。

鴨子又問(wèn)：

「我的小寶寶在做甚么？

小幫工回答：

篇9

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time a mouse, a bird, and a sausage formed a partnership1. They kept house together, and for a long time they lived in peace and prosperity, acquiring many possessions. The bird's task was to fly into the forest every day to fetch wood. The mouse carried water, made the fire, and set the table. The sausage did the cooking.

Whoever is too well off always wants to try something different! Thus one day the bird chanced to meet another bird, who boasted to him of his own situation. This bird criticized him for working so hard while the other two enjoyed themselves at home. For after the mouse had made the fire and carried the water, she could sit in the parlor2 and rest until it was time for her to set the table. The sausage had only to stay by the pot watching the food cook. When mealtime approached, she would slither through the porridge or the vegetables, and thus everything was greased and salted and ready to eat. The bird would bring his load of wood home. They would eat their meal, and then sleep soundly until the next morning. It was a great life.

The next day, because of his friend's advice, the bird refused to go to the forest, saying that he had been their servant long enough. He was no longer going to be a fool for them. Everyone should try a different task for a change. The mouse and the sausage argued against this, but the bird was the master, and he insisted that they give it a try. The sausage was to fetch wood, the mouse became the cook, and the bird was to carry water.

And what was the result? The sausage trudged3 off toward the forest; the bird made the fire; and the mouse put on the pot and waited for the sausage to return with wood for the next day. However, the sausage stayed out so long that the other two feared that something bad had happened. The bird flew off to see if he could find her. A short distance away he came upon a dog that had seized the sausage as free booty and was making off with her. The bird complained bitterly to the dog about this brazen4 abduction, but he claimed that he had discovered forged letters on the sausage, and that she would thus have to forfeit5 her life to him.

Filled with sorrow, the bird carried the wood home himself and told the mouse what he had seen and heard. They were very sad, but were determined6 to stay together and make the best of it. The bird set the table while the mouse prepared the food. She jumped into the pot, as the sausage had always done, in order to slither and weave in and about the vegetables and grease them, but before she reached the middle, her hair and skin were scalded off, and she perished.

When the bird wanted to eat, no cook was there. Beside himself, he threw the wood this way and that, called out, looked everywhere, but no cook was to be found. Because of his carelessness, the scattered7 wood caught fire, and the entire house was soon aflame. The bird rushed to fetch water, but the bucket fell into the well, carrying him with it, and he drowned.#p#副標(biāo)題#e#

從前，有一只老鼠、一只小鳥(niǎo)和一根香腸住在一個(gè)家里，它們和睦相處，生活充滿(mǎn)了幸福和快樂(lè)。他們分工合作，積累不斷增加，變得十分富裕。小鳥(niǎo)每天飛到森林里去銜柴回來(lái)；老鼠擔(dān)水，生火，佈置飯桌；香腸則負(fù)責(zé)做飯。

一個(gè)人生活太順暢，就會(huì)開(kāi)始變賴(lài)，會(huì)想著法子玩新花樣。有一天，小鳥(niǎo)遇到了另外一個(gè)朋友，它向朋友很自豪談起自己生活的愜意現(xiàn)狀。那只鳥(niǎo)卻嘲笑它是一個(gè)可憐的傻瓜，說(shuō)它辛辛苦苦在外面干活，另兩個(gè)夥伴待在家里干輕松的活：老鼠每天生火、擔(dān)水之后就回到自己的房間里躺下休息，到了吃飯的時(shí)候才去擺好桌椅，鋪上桌布。香腸則坐在鍋?zhàn)优裕丝词澄锱胫蟮那闆r外，甚么事都不做。到了要吃飯的時(shí)候，只加一點(diǎn)油、鹽就算了事，不到一分鐘就干完了。小鳥(niǎo)聽(tīng)了這些話(huà)，心里很不是滋味。它飛回家，把柴擔(dān)放在地上。大家和平時(shí)一樣一起坐在桌子邊吃飯，進(jìn)餐之后又都回房睡覺(jué)，一直睡到第二天早晨起來(lái)。

還有甚么生活比這種默契、合理分工的生活更令人滿(mǎn)意呢？

可是小鳥(niǎo)受了朋友的挑撥，第二天不想到森林里去了，還說(shuō)自己一直在服待它們兩個(gè)，做了很久的傻子，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該交換一下工作，家務(wù)事應(yīng)該大家輪著來(lái)干。盡管老鼠和香腸苦苦勸說(shuō)，講明它們這樣分工最合理，這樣才可能繼續(xù)維持正常的生活。但小鳥(niǎo)聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去，堅(jiān)持它的提議。最后，它倆只好順著它。它們用抽籤的方式?jīng)Q定了這樣的分工：香腸去背柴，老鼠做飯，小鳥(niǎo)去擔(dān)水。

人要是離開(kāi)了適合自己干的工作崗位時(shí)，會(huì)有甚么結(jié)果呢？

篇10

［關(guān)鍵詞］職業(yè)教育 文化傳統(tǒng) 關(guān)系研究

［中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)］G640［文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼］A［文章編號(hào)］1009-5349（2011）09-0162-03

職業(yè)教育是在人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展歷程中產(chǎn)生的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。職業(yè)教育誕生于工業(yè)化的社會(huì)大生產(chǎn)，由于產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的推動(dòng)和科學(xué)技術(shù)革命的發(fā)生，職業(yè)教育與廣泛的社會(huì)生活特別是人類(lèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)生活發(fā)生了緊密的聯(lián)系，因此人們往往習(xí)慣于從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來(lái)研究職業(yè)教育，來(lái)研究其價(jià)值和作用。但我國(guó)的職業(yè)教育發(fā)展并不符合經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的范式，有自己的特色，很多的問(wèn)題并不能單純從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度進(jìn)行揭示。因而，從文化角度特別是中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)的角度進(jìn)行解釋就顯得尤為重要。進(jìn)而，探尋文化與教育特別是職業(yè)教育深刻的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，尋找我國(guó)職業(yè)教育進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的文化動(dòng)力和方向。

一、文化視野下的職業(yè)教育本質(zhì)

從文化的角度來(lái)研究職業(yè)教育，首先必須把握文化的概念，但“適用于一切學(xué)科的文化概念是不存在的，文化的概念是依據(jù)于特定的學(xué)科或研究主題的。”無(wú)論是英美的實(shí)證社會(huì)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)那樣從形態(tài)學(xué)、模式論和結(jié)構(gòu)論的觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)看待文化，或是德國(guó)的思辨歷史哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)那樣從發(fā)展性和動(dòng)態(tài)性來(lái)看待文化都過(guò)于片面。“文化的發(fā)展在一定的歷史斷面總是表現(xiàn)為物質(zhì)化或形態(tài)化的形式，即表現(xiàn)為特定歷史時(shí)間的物質(zhì)文化、制度文化和觀(guān)念文化”。因此，我們?cè)诶斫馕幕拍畹臅r(shí)候，就必須同時(shí)兼顧到兩種哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，既要把握文化的本質(zhì)，又要注重文化的外部表現(xiàn)形式。

要把握文化的本質(zhì)，就必須將其同人和勞動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，人是通過(guò)勞動(dòng)而創(chuàng)造文化的。勞動(dòng)所創(chuàng)造的文化的外部表現(xiàn)形式是物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和精神產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)，人在創(chuàng)造這些物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和精神產(chǎn)品過(guò)程中也創(chuàng)造著自身，豐富著自己本身的力量和發(fā)展著自身與社會(huì)的各種關(guān)系。因此，文化的本質(zhì)即是“人的本質(zhì)的展現(xiàn)和形成的原因”。人通過(guò)勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了文化、創(chuàng)造了人――發(fā)展了的人。但是文化一旦被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)，便成為一種獨(dú)立于人的力量，成為人從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的制約因素，形成了人與文化的矛盾。而造成這種矛盾關(guān)系的并不僅僅是人類(lèi)的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，而主要是從人類(lèi)的物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中分化出來(lái)的特殊實(shí)踐活動(dòng)――教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)在起作用。因?yàn)榻逃龑?shí)踐活動(dòng)一方面把前人創(chuàng)造的文化成果傳承下來(lái)，使人類(lèi)文化不致中斷，并使其作為人們從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的基礎(chǔ)；另一方面，它又使人簡(jiǎn)捷地獲得前人的文化成果，發(fā)展人的文化創(chuàng)造力。這就是說(shuō)，從發(fā)展的角度來(lái)看，如果沒(méi)有教育，便不會(huì)形成文化與人的矛盾，也不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)文化與人的統(tǒng)一。因此，“文化―人―教育”構(gòu)成了一種特殊的關(guān)系，文化對(duì)教育的制約以及教育對(duì)文化的選擇都是通過(guò)人為紐帶的，因而教育與文化并不是直接作用的關(guān)系，教育是在文化與人的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系中起作用。

對(duì)于職業(yè)教育更是如此。職業(yè)教育根植于技術(shù)哲學(xué)，不僅具有教育屬性還具有職業(yè)屬性，因此職業(yè)教育不僅是構(gòu)成教育和文化之間矛盾的因素之一，也是構(gòu)成技術(shù)文化和教育之間矛盾的主要因素，而其作用的展現(xiàn)正是通過(guò)對(duì)人的影響得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。技術(shù)文化對(duì)人的深刻影響不僅會(huì)限制技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展，也會(huì)限制職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展；職業(yè)教育對(duì)人的強(qiáng)力作用不僅會(huì)促進(jìn)技術(shù)的提升，也會(huì)影響技術(shù)文化的傳播與發(fā)展。因此，文化視野下職業(yè)教育的本質(zhì)是傳承和創(chuàng)造技術(shù)文化，促進(jìn)人的技術(shù)技能提升。

二、文化傳統(tǒng)與職業(yè)教育的相互作用

很多人將影響和制約我國(guó)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化因素歸結(jié)為以儒家倫理道德思想為核心的傳統(tǒng)文化。這種認(rèn)識(shí)中，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化一語(yǔ)的核心是文化，認(rèn)為文化造成了對(duì)職業(yè)教育的直接影響，但文化并不能直接對(duì)教育造成影響，而是通過(guò)對(duì)人的作用間接影響職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展，具體影響人們對(duì)職業(yè)教育的選擇、對(duì)職業(yè)教育產(chǎn)品――技術(shù)技能型人才的認(rèn)可和對(duì)技術(shù)技能型工作的關(guān)注和理解等。我國(guó)著名的文化學(xué)者莊錫昌等認(rèn)為：“文化的基本的核心由兩部分組成，一是傳統(tǒng)（即從歷史上得到并選擇）的思想，一是與他們有關(guān)的價(jià)值。”那么，影響我國(guó)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的到底是文化中的傳統(tǒng)還是其價(jià)值呢？（此處，“價(jià)值”并不是指經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值或商品價(jià)值，而是人類(lèi)對(duì)于自我發(fā)展的本質(zhì)發(fā)現(xiàn)、創(chuàng)造與創(chuàng)新的要素本體，包括任意的物質(zhì)形態(tài)，也就是我們常說(shuō)的“價(jià)值觀(guān)”中的價(jià)值。）人創(chuàng)造自我世界的一切發(fā)展即有價(jià)值，價(jià)值的核心本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵是自由人。所以，文化中的“價(jià)值”的核心是人，只能產(chǎn)生對(duì)人的影響，而這樣的影響的結(jié)果也只能限定在人的主觀(guān)世界中，對(duì)社會(huì)整體的影響是有限的，因?yàn)椴煌藢?duì)價(jià)值的主觀(guān)理解是不同的。因此，影響職業(yè)教育的應(yīng)是文化中內(nèi)涵的人民選擇的文化傳統(tǒng)。

在文化傳統(tǒng)這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)中，傳統(tǒng)是個(gè)中心詞，文化是用來(lái)限定傳統(tǒng)的，即傳統(tǒng)是表述某種事物的概念，而不是用來(lái)表達(dá)時(shí)間的概念。由此可以看出文化傳統(tǒng)是指在人類(lèi)的社會(huì)文化生活中逐漸形成，并作為歷史遺產(chǎn)代代傳遞、積累保存下來(lái)，直到現(xiàn)在還在產(chǎn)生影響的文化特質(zhì)、文化模式和文化要素的結(jié)合體。這種傳統(tǒng)一經(jīng)形成，便具有相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性。文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是傳統(tǒng)文化背后的精神連接，是活在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的文化，具有動(dòng)態(tài)流向。美國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)家希爾斯指出：“它(傳統(tǒng))至少要持續(xù)三代人――無(wú)論長(zhǎng)短――才能成為傳統(tǒng)。”文化傳統(tǒng)當(dāng)然存在于傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的文化現(xiàn)象中，但它更多的是指這些文化現(xiàn)象所隱含的規(guī)則、理念、秩序和所包含的信仰。它們?nèi)趨R于教育活動(dòng)過(guò)程之中，制約著教育活動(dòng)的方方面面。正如斯賓格勒所說(shuō)：“一定社會(huì)特有的文化傳統(tǒng)滲透于社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面，強(qiáng)烈的制約著教育過(guò)程的進(jìn)行和人們養(yǎng)育子女的方式。”

（一）文化傳統(tǒng)對(duì)職業(yè)教育的影響

教育是一種傳承與延續(xù)文化的活動(dòng)，文化傳統(tǒng)作為人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造所有文化成果中最具有生命力的文化的精粹，必然要對(duì)教育活動(dòng)及其活動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)的形成產(chǎn)生顯著的作用。文化傳統(tǒng)對(duì)職業(yè)教育的影響主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的價(jià)值觀(guān)。文化傳統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)民族獨(dú)特的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握世界的方式，有著自己固定的行為規(guī)范與思維方式，體現(xiàn)著獨(dú)特的民族心理和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。從廣義上說(shuō)，中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)不但包括以儒家文化為核心并以文字符號(hào)所表達(dá)的政治、法律、哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等意識(shí)形態(tài)，還包括中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的生活方式、行為方式、思維方式以及價(jià)值追求。中國(guó)幾千年的教育重視道德發(fā)展和人格完善，輕視主體對(duì)物質(zhì)世界的探求。我國(guó)的教育傳統(tǒng)是依靠道德的完善使人在社會(huì)生活、政治活動(dòng)諸領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的主體價(jià)值，有才無(wú)德是決然難以被接受的。職業(yè)教育的價(jià)值追求也就更多地注重于職業(yè)道德的培養(yǎng)和對(duì)職業(yè)的歸屬感。因此，職業(yè)教育本應(yīng)擁有的實(shí)利性的價(jià)值追求在我國(guó)是沒(méi)有的。

我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)教育奉行“文以載道”，極少涉及自然現(xiàn)象及科學(xué)技術(shù)方面的問(wèn)題，至多只是按照“技進(jìn)于道”的文化觀(guān)念教育學(xué)生從自然現(xiàn)象與規(guī)律中悟出人生之道，而“技”本身不足為道，是“奇技巧”。因此，我國(guó)職業(yè)教育自身發(fā)展的土壤是沒(méi)有的，我國(guó)現(xiàn)代意義上的職業(yè)教育完全是照搬西方學(xué)制的產(chǎn)物。假使中國(guó)沒(méi)有被西方列強(qiáng)打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén)，一直維系著自身的發(fā)展，也不可能從本土誕生出以技藝發(fā)展和價(jià)值追求為核心的職業(yè)教育的。

2.文化傳統(tǒng)決定職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)容。一定的社會(huì)制度決定著一定的文化基礎(chǔ)，而一定文化基礎(chǔ)又決定著職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的內(nèi)容。科學(xué)技術(shù)知識(shí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值追求是職業(yè)技術(shù)教育內(nèi)容的重要方面，然而在我國(guó)的文化傳統(tǒng)中，“道”與“術(shù)”本來(lái)就是相互獨(dú)立的范疇，“道”中不包括“術(shù)”的成分，這樣“道”才可以“馭術(shù)”。因此傳統(tǒng)教育觀(guān)念重視文化歷史和道德倫理方面的知識(shí)，而輕視自然科學(xué)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。從漢代的取士制度到隋唐的科舉制度，都是注重道德倫理和法律文化方面的理論知識(shí)，忽略了科學(xué)技術(shù)和實(shí)際操作。職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)容仍深受這種理念的影響，側(cè)重于向?qū)W生傳授理論的東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)的傳授，忽視操作技能的培養(yǎng)，而職業(yè)教育的顯著特點(diǎn)恰恰就是其職業(yè)性和實(shí)踐性。

3.文化傳統(tǒng)限定職業(yè)教育的方式。中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)中蘊(yùn)含的思維更多地涉及精神層面的抽象，而不注重那些形式邏輯的辯論。因此，中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)中的思維更多的是一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)式思維，它傾向于對(duì)感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)作抽象的整體把握，而不是對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)作具體的概念分析；它重視對(duì)感性經(jīng)驗(yàn)的直接超越，因而缺少概念的確定性和明晰性，強(qiáng)調(diào)直覺(jué)思維而不善邏輯性的思維操作。而職業(yè)教育作為一門(mén)專(zhuān)門(mén)的技術(shù)技能教育，以實(shí)踐性操作為主，強(qiáng)調(diào)的恰恰是邏輯性的思維操作，因此我國(guó)的職業(yè)教育不能充分重視操作技能的培養(yǎng)也來(lái)源于此。我國(guó)的職業(yè)技術(shù)教育在其教學(xué)組織、教學(xué)方法及個(gè)性發(fā)展等方面都打著我國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)的烙印。

4.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的社會(huì)地位。中國(guó)的文化傳統(tǒng)更多的強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的選拔功能，通過(guò)各種選拔性的考試進(jìn)行篩選，把人們分配到不同等級(jí)的學(xué)校、單位甚至賦予不同的社會(huì)地位。“學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕”和“勞心者治人，勞力者治于人”的傳統(tǒng)觀(guān)念的影響下，人們通常把科學(xué)家、企業(yè)家、高級(jí)干部、工程師、教授以及醫(yī)生等稱(chēng)為“人才”，是“勞心”之人；而把普通工人、農(nóng)民以及營(yíng)業(yè)員等稱(chēng)為“勞動(dòng)力”，是“勞力”之人。社會(huì)上許多用人單位也常以學(xué)歷、文憑作為選拔、聘用人才的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由于學(xué)歷、文憑的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求較高，許多職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生參與競(jìng)聘時(shí)，往往連競(jìng)聘工作崗位的“入門(mén)證”都難以取得。因此，社會(huì)認(rèn)同感在很大程度上影響了職業(yè)院校的生源，從而影響了中國(guó)職業(yè)教育的健康發(fā)展。

（二）職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的作用

文化傳統(tǒng)通過(guò)作用于人來(lái)間接影響教育，教育并不選擇和傳播文化傳統(tǒng)，而是繼承了文化的價(jià)值，選擇并傳播創(chuàng)新過(guò)了的新的文化。這一切都是通過(guò)對(duì)人的教育而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。一方面，教育使人適應(yīng)文化，使人得到發(fā)展，又使文化適應(yīng)人，使之不至于成為人發(fā)展的障礙。另一方面，教育所培養(yǎng)的人，又創(chuàng)造出更復(fù)雜、更高深的文化成果。教育實(shí)現(xiàn)了文化與人的雙向建構(gòu)，即用文化完善人，又通過(guò)人來(lái)豐富文化，從而發(fā)展了文化與人的內(nèi)涵。職業(yè)教育根植于技術(shù)哲學(xué)與技術(shù)文化，它使人適應(yīng)的是實(shí)用性的技術(shù)文化，發(fā)展人的技能水平；同時(shí)，又使人通過(guò)自身的技術(shù)技能創(chuàng)造出新的技術(shù)，發(fā)展新的技能，更新技術(shù)文化。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的具體作用方式主要表現(xiàn)為：選擇和批判；傳承和傳播；適應(yīng)和創(chuàng)新。

1.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇和批判。文化選擇是文化變遷和文化發(fā)展過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的一種重要的文化現(xiàn)象，表現(xiàn)為對(duì)某種文化的自動(dòng)擷取或排斥。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇應(yīng)是技術(shù)性的、實(shí)用性的、功利性的；與之對(duì)比，普通教育對(duì)文化的選擇是經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的、理論性的、非功利性的。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，技術(shù)的發(fā)展是先有需求再有創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)的發(fā)展是先有研究再有應(yīng)用。文化批判則是職業(yè)教育按照自身的價(jià)值目標(biāo)和理想追求，對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的文化狀況進(jìn)行分析，做出肯定性或否定性的評(píng)價(jià)，引導(dǎo)社會(huì)文化向健康方向發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的選擇和批判不僅能夠增強(qiáng)技術(shù)文化在社會(huì)文化中的地位，而且能夠設(shè)立職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化前提。由于在中國(guó)本土并沒(méi)有誕生自己的職業(yè)教育，就缺失了職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化的選擇和批判，中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化中完全是“道”的世界，“術(shù)”為末次，這樣的文化氛圍的形成就是由于職業(yè)教育的缺位造成的。技術(shù)、實(shí)用、功利以至經(jīng)濟(jì)思想在我國(guó)及其匱乏，嚴(yán)重制約著社會(huì)發(fā)展。

2.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的傳承和傳播。文化的形成與該地區(qū)、民族、國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)有著緊密的聯(lián)系，正如魯迅所分析的：“新的階級(jí)及其文化，并非突然從天而降，大抵是發(fā)達(dá)于對(duì)于舊支配者及其文化的反抗中，亦發(fā)達(dá)于和舊者的對(duì)立中，所以新文化仍然有所承傳，于舊文化也仍然有所擇取。”職業(yè)教育在傳遞社會(huì)文化的過(guò)程中，形成了自身關(guān)于教育目的、價(jià)值、功能和內(nèi)容選擇的基本認(rèn)識(shí)，從而決定了職業(yè)教育的不同形態(tài)及其在不同地區(qū)或國(guó)家的不同發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育在傳承文化過(guò)程中也不是一成不變的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)制，它可以結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)和社會(huì)需求使文化增殖并加以傳播，特別是職業(yè)教育對(duì)技術(shù)文化傳播和改造的作用是無(wú)法取代的。

3.職業(yè)教育對(duì)文化的適應(yīng)和創(chuàng)新。職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化發(fā)展的適應(yīng)，既是一種目標(biāo)，也是一個(gè)過(guò)程，是發(fā)展過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)適應(yīng)。就目標(biāo)意義的適應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō)，它是社會(huì)文化發(fā)展所要求的，也是職業(yè)教育所力求達(dá)到的，并且在達(dá)到階段性的適應(yīng)目標(biāo)后又在新的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生不適應(yīng)；就作為過(guò)程意義的適應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō)，在某一歷史時(shí)期，職業(yè)教育往往表現(xiàn)出一定的“時(shí)間差”，即職業(yè)教育與社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展保持著一定的距離。教育的文化創(chuàng)造功能在社會(huì)文化的形成中發(fā)揮著重要作用，各類(lèi)教育都具有一定的文化創(chuàng)造功能，特別是高等教育創(chuàng)造高層次深含義的科學(xué)文化的作用是無(wú)法被取代的。人類(lèi)的生活離不開(kāi)科學(xué)技術(shù)，但科學(xué)是根植于學(xué)術(shù)體系的，科學(xué)的發(fā)展是不能發(fā)展技術(shù)文化的；而技術(shù)是根植于工作體系的，技術(shù)的發(fā)展不僅能夠繁榮和促進(jìn)社會(huì)文化的實(shí)用性，為生產(chǎn)力的提高和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供動(dòng)力，而且能夠促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展。因此，職業(yè)教育對(duì)社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新也是其他教育所不能代替的。

中國(guó)今天的文化同歷史上的文化傳統(tǒng)一脈相承，在人們的思維中仍然殘留有文化傳統(tǒng)中重倫理、輕自然的習(xí)慣，職業(yè)教育在社會(huì)中的地位還未受到應(yīng)有的重視，社會(huì)民眾輕視甚至鄙視職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的心理還很普遍。所以中國(guó)職業(yè)教育發(fā)展需要經(jīng)歷一個(gè)艱難的過(guò)程，因?yàn)槠渖婕吧顚拥奈幕蛩亍?/p>

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]張應(yīng)強(qiáng).文化視野中的高等教育[M].南京:南京師范大學(xué)出版社,1999.

[2]莊錫昌等.多維視野中的文化理論[M].浙江:浙江人民出版社,1987.

[3]尤偉,劉玉杰.論傳統(tǒng)文化與技術(shù)文化的沖突[J].職業(yè)教育研究,2008(1):22-23.