NMET97閱讀理解評(píng)析及解題技巧

導(dǎo)語：NMET97閱讀理解評(píng)析及解題技巧一文來源于網(wǎng)友上傳，不代表本站觀點(diǎn)，若需要原創(chuàng)文章可咨詢客服老師，歡迎參考。

NMET閱讀理解試題是對(duì)考生綜合運(yùn)用語言能力的考查，它側(cè)重考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解語言信息和綜合處理語言信息的能力。所選文章信息量大，體裁廣泛，題材新穎，且試題占分比例最大，分值最高。因此，閱讀理解答題的好壞直接影響試卷的得分。考生怎樣才能在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確理解語言信息，推斷一些隱含意義呢？筆者認(rèn)為，掌握正確的閱讀方法是閱讀的關(guān)鍵。

一、通讀全文，掌握大意（mainidea）

有些考生拿起文章便讀，甚至逐字逐句翻譯，結(jié)果讀了很長時(shí)間卻不知道作者寫了什么，且不斷地復(fù)視，唯恐遺忘，這種讀法耗時(shí)長，效率低。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)我們?cè)诖痖喿x理解試題時(shí)，應(yīng)該先通讀試題（不包括選項(xiàng)），弄清考查點(diǎn)，做到心中有數(shù)，然后有針對(duì)性地通覽全文，從整體上掌握大意，這是快速閱讀中非常重要的一步。在通覽時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)找出中心句（topicsentence），它是用來闡述文章主題，說明作者觀點(diǎn)的句子，中心句多數(shù)位于段首或段尾，有時(shí)也位于文中。因此，在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)注意文章的兩頭。找到了中心句，也就基本上理解了文章的大意，以此為線索，采用掠讀或掃讀的方法，迅速找出能夠支持中心句的關(guān)鍵詞、句，在腦海中形成文章的框架，然后根據(jù)試題，進(jìn)行部分細(xì)節(jié)閱讀，這種閱讀速度便會(huì)大大加快。例如nmet97閱讀理解B篇短文如下：

Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.Amongthesepeoplewasamannamed

AlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandso,tofillhistime,heplanned

agamewhichhecalled''''Lexico''''.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohe

madeanumberofchangestoitand,intime,changeditsnamefrom''''Lexico''''to''''Alph''''andthento''''CrissCross''''.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn''''thaveanyrealcommercial（商業(yè)性的）success.

In1939,ButtshappenedtomeetamancalledJimBrunotwhoshowedaninterestinthenew

game.Thetwomenworkedtogetherondevelopingthegameandin1948itwasofferedforsaleintheUnitedStatesunderitsnewname——''''Scrabble''''.

Atfirst,itdidn''''tsellverywell.Inthefirstyearitsoldjust2,250setsandby1951ithadonlyreached8,500setsayear.

Then,in1952themanagerofMacy''''sdepartmentstoreinNewYork.JackStrauss,happenedto

play''''Scrabble''''whilehewasonholiday,hethoughtitwasawonderfulgameand,whenhewentbacktoworkafterhisholiday,heinsistedtheMacy''''sshouldstock（儲(chǔ)備）thegameandmake

aneffort（努力）tocallthepublic''''sattentiontoit.

Asaresult,''''Scrabble''''becameabigsuccessintheUnitedStatesanditsoonspreadtoAustraliaandthentootherEnglish-speakingcountries.

1.Thetextismainlyabout__________.

A.''''Lexico''''B.threemen

C.awordgameD.AlfredButts

2.AlfredButtsinventedthegame''''Lexico''''________.

A.tomakehimselffamous

B.tomakespellingsimpler

C.whenhewasoutofworkandlookingforajob

D.whenhewasplayingwordgamestopassthetime

3.Whomade''''Scrabble''''pouplar?

A.AlfredButts.

B.JackStrauss.

C.AlfredButtsandJimBrunot.

D.JackStraussandJimBrunot.

4.WhendidAlfredButtsfirstputhisgameonthemarket?

A.In1939.B.In1948.

C.Before1939.D.Between1939and1948.

四個(gè)題目均屬于情節(jié)推理題，瀏覽完畢，讀者腦海中形成以下輪廓。

（1）outofwork—AlfredButts—interestedinwordgames

（2）after1939—developthegame—forsale

（3）notsellwellby1951

（4）in1952—JackStrauss—callpublic''''sattention—becameabigsuccess

文章屬記敘文體，敘述了文字游戲一“Scrabble”的起源發(fā)展及成功的歷史，作者以時(shí)間為順序，思路清楚，考生若能掌握以上大意，結(jié)合試題，不僅解題速度提高了，而且準(zhǔn)確率也大大提高。

Key:1.C2.D3.B4.C

二、仔細(xì)推敲，理解作者的寫作意圖

在閱讀理解試題中，我們常常會(huì)遇到這樣的一些題目，如：“Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?”“What''''stheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedword?”“Whatdoyouthinkof...?”這些問題均屬于深層理解，它們的答案不是在文章的原句中可以找到的。因此，我們必須根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容仔細(xì)推敲文章中相關(guān)的詞、句及段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出能支持作者觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞并注意一些詞在特殊語言環(huán)境下的特殊意義，然后推斷出文段中未直接寫出的含義，理解作者的寫作意圖，得出正確的結(jié)論。

例如：’97NMET閱讀理解E篇

Americaisgrowingolder.Fiftyyearsago,only4outofevery100peopleintheUnitedStateswere65orolder.Today,10outofevery100Americansareover65.TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways—education,medicine,andbusiness.Quietly,thegrayingofAmericahasmadeusaverydifferentsociety—oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.

Aperson''''sagenolongertellsyouanythingabouthis/hersocialposition,marriageor

health.There''''snolongeraparticularyearinwhichonegoestoschoolorgoestoworkorgets

marriedorstartsafamily.Thesocialclockthatkeptusontimeandtolduswhentogotoschool,getajob,orstopworkingisn''''tasstrongasitusedtobe.Itdoesn''''tsurpriseustohearof

a29-year-olduniversitypresidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,ora70-year-oldmanwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.Publicideasarechanging.

Manypeoplesay,''''Iammuchyoungerthanmymother—ormyfather—wasatmyage.''''Noonesays''''Actyourage''''anymore.We''''vestoppedlookingwithsurpriseatolderpeoplewhoactinyouthfulways.

1.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthattheagingofthepopulationinAmerica________.

A.hasmadepeoplefeelyounger

B.haschangedpeople''''ssocialposition

C.haschangedpeople''''sunderstandingofage

D.hassloweddownthecountry''''ssocialdevelopment

2.Theunderlinedword''''one''''refersto________.

A.asocietyB.America

C.aplaceD.population

3."Actyourage"meanspeopleshould________.

A.beactivewhentheyareold

B.dotherightthingattherightage

C.showrespectfortheirparentsyoungorold

D.takemorephysicalexercisesuitabletotheirage

4.Ifa25-year-oldmanbecomesgeneralmanagerofabigfirm,thewriterofthetextwouldmostprobablyconsiderit_______.

A.normalB.wonderful

C.unbelievableD.unreasonable

這是一篇以美國社會(huì)為素材的文章，作者意在突出美國人年齡觀念的改變這一主題。四道試題均屬于深層理解，只要我們循著作者的思路，問題就會(huì)迎刃而解，作者第一段擺出事實(shí)“Americaisgrowingolder”，

然后提出這種年齡的變化“willaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways”—在第一段的最后提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是文章的中心句oneinwhichpeoplehaveaquitedifferentideaofwhatkindofbehaviorissuitableatvariousages.第二、第三段作者給出了一些例子，從兩個(gè)方面即“publicideasarechanging”，“Noonesays‘Actyourage’anymore”進(jìn)一步證明中心句，作者在字里行間將自己觀點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。

Key:1.C2.A3.B4.A

在閱讀中只要我們能夠循著一些由關(guān)鍵詞、句組成的文脈開掘，就不難識(shí)其主旨，理解隱深含義。

三、注意體裁，選擇不同的閱讀方法

閱讀理解題材多樣，有日常生活、社會(huì)文化、人物、史地、政治、科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)等等，體裁不一，有記敘文、應(yīng)用文、說明文、議論文及新聞報(bào)道，考場(chǎng)上考生不僅知識(shí)面要廣，閱讀理解能力要強(qiáng)，還必須根據(jù)文章的體裁選擇不同的閱讀方法，爭(zhēng)取最快的閱讀速度。

例如：記敘文是用來敘述的一種文體，讀者應(yīng)該把握文章的主要線索、時(shí)空順序及人物之間的相互關(guān)系；議論文是用來表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)的一種文體，我們應(yīng)該找出論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)，理解作者的寫作態(tài)度；應(yīng)用文是一種實(shí)用性與交際性很強(qiáng)的文體，我們應(yīng)該采用對(duì)比閱讀法，將題干與文章結(jié)合在一起閱讀；對(duì)于新聞報(bào)道我們應(yīng)該弄清新聞事件的內(nèi)容及日期、起因、經(jīng)過、涉及人物及具體數(shù)字、結(jié)果及作者的態(tài)度。根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)采用不同的閱讀方法，閱讀理解就會(huì)輕松得多。例如NMET97閱讀理解A篇：

JINTAN,JLANGSU:The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudof

themselves.Theyhadjustchimbedtheirwaytothetoprung（階梯）outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTuesdayevening.

The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.

''''Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!''''saidateacherfromGuangdongProvince.

NamedafterChina''''smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognisedbytheStateEducationCommissionasthecountry''''sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

1.Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout________.

A.whentheconteststarted

B.howthecontestgotitsname

C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest

D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

2.Thisnewsstorymostprobablyappearedinanewspaperin__________.

A.1986B.1987C.1995D.1997

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheteacherfromGuangdongProvince_________.

A.feltproudofthegoldmedalwinners

B.wonderedifthestudentswerehonest

C.thoughtthattheproblemsweretoodifficultforthestudents

D.believedthatthetwentywinnerscouldgotostudyatuniversity

4.Theunderlinedphrase''''figureout''''inthetextmeans______.

A.workoutB.addup

C.guessD.study

這是一篇關(guān)于第五屆華羅庚金杯數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽的報(bào)道，試題涉及新聞本身內(nèi)容及出版日期，說話者的態(tài)度及詞義猜測(cè)，文章開始報(bào)道20名中、小學(xué)生名列前茅，然后借一教師之口，寫出試卷難度及說話者對(duì)中學(xué)生的敬佩之情，最后一段報(bào)道華賽的起源、發(fā)展，意在突出新聞的內(nèi)容是比賽，而不是20個(gè)學(xué)生獲獎(jiǎng)。

所以，答案非常清楚：1.D2.C3.A4.A。

以上只是筆者淺陋之見，希望對(duì)高三備考的學(xué)生有所幫助。